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Quantum Hypothesis
Max Planck
Physics 100
Chapt 20
Black-body Radiation
2.9 x 10-3 m
peak = T(Kelvin)
Light intensity
UV IR
peak vs Temperature
2.9 x 10-3 m
T peak = T(Kelvin)
Pre-1900 theory
Plancks solution
Equantum = h f
h = 6.6 x 10-34 Js
Plancks constant
Other quantum systems
The quantum of the US monetary
system
Number of taxpayers
US Income tax with a $1000
quantum
Number of taxpayers
Without
the quantum
a s
me
s a K E
t e
h ons
ou t c t r
ab e le
the
Equant= hf
=(6.6x10-34Js)x(2x1014Hz)
Equant= hf =6.6x10 Jsx1Hz
-34
i ny =(6.6 x 2) x 10-34+14J
=6.6x10-34J y t
ve r
=1.3 x 10-19J
Typical energies in ordinary life
Typical energy of
a tot on a swing:
Etot = mghmax
===20kgx10m/s
20kgx
20kgx10m/s x1m
22
x
hmax
= 200 kgm2/s2
= 200 J
much, much larger than
Equant=6.6x10-34J
Typical electron KE in an atom
Energy gained by an
1 electron Volt electron crossing a 1V
voltage difference
Energy = q V
- - -
1eV = 1.6x10-19C x 1V
1V
= 1.6x10-19 Joules
similar
Equant = 1.3 x 10-19J
for f 2x1014 Hz
Classical vs Quantum world
At atomic &
In everyday life, subatomic scales,
quantum effects quantum effects
can be safely are dominant &
ignored must be considered
Laws of nature
This is because developed without
Plancks constant consideration of
is so small quantum effects do
not work for atoms