TOPIC

1.Importance of Desalting
2.Operating Principles of Desalting

3.Desalter efficiency and its significance

Submitted by:
Inderdip Shere
Suma Shettigar
Suraj Shah
Shraddha Potdukhe
IMPORTANCE OF DESALTING
WHAT IS DESALTING?
Removal of impurities from crude oil.

Contaminants are broadly classified

into:
1. Water

2. Salts

3. Bottom sediments

4. Trace metals
PROBLEMS DUE TO CONTAMINANTS
Corrosion
Damages refinery tower trays, pumps ,
lines and valves
Scaling in preheat exchangers

Poisoning of catalysts
Excessive down time
MERITS OF DESALTING
Removes contaminants
Prevents corrosion and fouling

Saves energy

Reduces maintenance

Increases the capacity of CDU

Stabilizes the operation
TYPES OF DESALTING

Single stage
Double stage
 TWO STAGE DESALTER
FLOW DIAGRAM TO At mos Colum n

RAW CRUD E
HOT TRAIN
EXCHANGERS

1ST STAGE 2ND STAGE

RAW CHARGE
PUMP

COLD MIX
TRAIN VALV E
MIX
VALV E
WASH WATER
TO FIRS T STAGE

CRUDE
WASH WATER BRINE WATE R
PUMP EXCHANGE R
MIX TURE
METHODS

Settling

Addition
of chemicals

Electrical
desalting
STEPS:
Heating
Mixing: emulsion

Settling
CHEMICAL ADDITION
The Desalter removes contaminants from crude oil
by first emulsifying the crude oil with chemicals
and wash water to promote thorough contact of
the water and oil.
The salts containing some of the metals that can

poison catalysts are dissolved in the water phase.

After the oil has been washed and mixed as an

emulsion of oil and water, demulsifying chemicals

are then added.
Solids present in the crude will accumulate in the

bottom of the desalter vessel.

ELECTRICAL DESALTERS
Forming an emulsion
Demulsification process:breaking of

emulsion is accomplished by coalescing the

small particles of emulsion.
When emulsion is made to pass through an electric
field:

The particles of water become polarized

Orientation.
Random collision resulting in
Settling
 Electrical Coalescence

Dipole Coalescence


+++ Where:
++
K = Dielectric

+
-
--

---
Force of constant of
+++
++

Attractio oil
+

-
--

---


n E = Voltage
F = K E2 r6/a4 gradient
r = Droplet
radius
SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM
OF ELECTRICAL DESALTING PROCESS

Electrical power Desalted

crude oil

Desalter
Pressure
water

Crude oil Efflue

nt
Mixing water
Heat valve
exchange
r
 Heated to temp in the range 120-130
o
C
Water is added to the crude stream and
passed through a mixing valve.
The emulsified crude oil is subjected to
high voltage (20000 to 24000 volts)
electric field.
OPTIMUM PRESSURE FOR
DESALTER
FACTORS THAT AFFECT
DESALTER OPERATION
AND PERFORMANCE
Crude Oil Feed Rate and Quality
Temperature/Viscosity/Density Relationships

Electrical Field Intensity

Wash Water Rate, Quality and Flow Configuration

Factors That Affect Desalter Operation
And Performance

Emulsion Formation (Pumps, Exchangers,

Valves, Mixers)
Control of Water Level and Emulsion Layers

Demulsifier Technology and Addition Rate

Mud Washing and Brine Recycle

Performance Evaluation
Desalting efficiency
Si - inlet salt concentration
So-outlet salt concentration

Dewatering/ dehydrating efficiency

Wi - inlet water content

Ww - wash water rate

Wo-outlet water content

Performance Evaluation
Mixing index

A optimum salt content.

So-outlet salt concentration
Metal Contaminants
Metal contaminants such as
FCC Iron
Cadmium
vanadium
Jersey Nickel Equivalent Index
1000 * (Ni + 0.2V +0.1 Fe)
Shell Contamination Index

1000 * (14Ni + 14Cu + 4V + Fe)

THANK YOU