BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION

A BASEMENT IS A STOREY OF
RETAINING WALL OR SEVERAL STOREY OF
WATER PROOFING
BUILDINGS THAT ARE EITHER
COMPLETELY PR PARTIALLY
BELOW THE GROUND FLOOR.

NOT ALL BUILDINGS HAVE

BASEMENT

FOR BUILDINGS WITH

CONSIDERATIONS
DEEP EXCAVATION GROUND WALL BASEMENT THE FURNACE
CAR PARKING WATER HEATER
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
OF A HOUSE OR BUILDING
ARE TYPICALLY LOCATED IN
THE BASEMENT SO ALSO
THERE ARE AMENTITIES SUCH
AS THE ELECTRICAL
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND
DEWATERING GROUND FLOOR CABLE TELEVISION
METHOD SLAB DISTRIBUTION POINT
OPEN- CUT CONSTRUCTION

FOR ALL EXCAVATIONS OPERATORS SHOULD KNOW:

THE LINE
THE FINAL DEPTH OF THE EXCAVATION
THE APPROXIMATE WIDTH OF THE EXCAVATION AT THE TOP
THE LOCATION OF ANY SERVICES OR OTHER HAZARDS .
IF THERE IS SUFFICIENT RIGHT OF WAY , OPEN CUT TRENCHES
CAN BE USED ALMOST A Y SOIL CONDITION.
GENERALLY A SLOPED OPEN CUT EXCAVATION IS THE MOST
COST AND SCHEDULE EFFECTIVE METHOD OF TRENCHING .
WHEN THE TRENCH IS VERY DEEP AND EXPENSIVE BACKFILL
MATERIALS ARE REQUIRED , THEN A VERTICAL CUT AT THE TOE
OF THE SLOPE SUPPORTED BY SHORING MAY BE EFFECTIVE .
GROUND WATER AND WEAK LOWER LAYERS MAY FORVE PARTIAL
SHORING OR FLATTENING OF THE EXCAVATION SLOPES .

OPEN CUT ADVANTAGES

ALLOWS CONTINUOUS EXCAVATION , LAYING AND BACKFILLLING OPERATIONS
.
MINOR BREAKDOWNS USUALLY DO NOT CAUSE DELAYS TO ACTIVITIES .
THE OPEN TRENCH NEEDS ONLY THE DESIGN OF THE CUT BNK SLOPE.
BECAUSE THERE ARE NO ADDITIONAL SUPPORT OPERATIONS AND
EQUIPMENT , IT IS THE ECONOMICAL CHOICE .
THE OPEN TRENCH PROVIDES EASY ACCESS TO THE WORK BECAUSE
EQUIPEMENT AND COSNTRUCTION MATERIALS ARE MINIMIZED.
THE OPEN CUT METHOD IS SUITABLE FOR MOST GROUND CONDITIONS,
EXCEPT FOR OOZING MUD AND RUNNING SANDS .
OPEN-CUT DISADVANTAGES
THE SLOPE OF THE BANK REQUIRES MORE EXCAVATION AND
BACKFILL VOLUME THAN OTHER OPTIONS .
THE ONLY BANK SUPPORT IS THE STRENGHT OF THE SOIL ,
THEN SLOUGING AND COLLAPSE CAN HAPPEN WITH LITTLE OR
NO WARNING .
THE SLOPED BANKS REQUIRE A WIDER WORK AREA.
THE BANK SLOPES MAY FORCE THE USE OF LARGER
EQUIPMENT BECAUSE THE DISTANCE TO REACH INTO THE
TRENCH IS INCREASED AND A GREATER VOLUME OF SOIL
MUST BE EXCAVATED AND BACKFILLED .
CUT AND COVER CONSTRUCTION

THE CUT AND COVER CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE HAS

BEEN USED FOR MANY YEARS AS A MEANS FOR BUILDING
UNDERGROUND TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES .
THIS METHOD INVOLVES THE INSTALLATION OF
TEMPORARY WALLS TO SUPPORT THE SIDES OF THE
EXCAVATION , A BRACING SYSTEM , CONTROL OF
GROUND WATER AND UNDERPINNING OF ADJACENT
STRUCTURES WHERE NECASSARY .
THE MAIN DISADVANTAGES OF CUT COVER TUNNEL ARE
ITS DISRUPTIVE EFFECTS IN CINGESTED URBAN
ENVIRONMENT.
COST OF CUT AND COVER CONSTRUCTION INCREASES
SHARPLY WITH INVCREASED DEPTH. TUNNEL DRIVING
COSTS ARE USUALLY HIGHER PER METER OF TUNNEL
THAN THE AVERAGE SHALLOW CUT AND COVER TUNNEL .
TOP DOWN CONSTRUCTION

OVERALL CONSTRUCTION MEHTOD : TYPICALLY TOP DOWN , BOTTOM UPWARDS

OR SEMI- TOP DOWN.
WALL METHOD. ( TEMPORARY , PERMMANANT OR BOTH).
STEEL SHEET PILING
SOIL MIX COLUMNS
R.C.C CONTIGOUS PILES/ R.C SECANT PILES
DIAPHRAM WALLS.

AT CONSTRUCTION
SHEET PILING .PPOR TOLERANCES , SPLIT CLUTCHES , DUE TO OBSTRUCTIONS .
CONTIGIOUS PILES, SECANT PILES . WASTING OF PILES SHAFTS . OVERBREAK.
DIAPHRAM WALLS . SLURRY INCLUSIONS , POOR JOINTS , POOR COVER TO
STEEL, BLEED , POOR TOLERANCES , INCLUSIONS AT TOE OF WALLS.
CONSTRUCTION METHOD

INSTALL TEMPORARY CASING , ABOUT 6M TO SUPPORT THE BALLAST AND SEAL INTO
CLAY .
DRILL PILE TO DESIGN DEPTH.
INSTALL CAGE TO DESIGN LEVEL
CONCRETE THE PILE.
INSTALL THE PLUNGE COLUMN REQUIRED.
WHEN CONCRETING WAS GOING UP TO GROUND LEVEL , TEMPORARY CASING WAS
REMOVED IMMEDIATELY . IF THE CASING WAS REQUIRED TO BE KEPT IN PLACE
OVERNIGHT , IT WOULD BE REMOVED IN THE MORNING.
CONSIDERING ...
THE THICKNESS OF THE NEW BASEMENT WALL WAS KEPT TO A MINIMUM TO
MAXIMISE THE USABLE AREA .
THE RETAINING WALL CONSISTED HARD SECANT PILE WALL AND WAS SPECIFIED
CONTRACTOR DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS WERE WRITTEN TO HAVE A TIGHT CONTROL ON THE BASEMENT
CONSTRUCTION .
MAXIMUM WALL MOVEMENT WAS SPECIFIED . BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE
ENVELOPES AND MAXIMUM FORCE WAS SPECIFIED .

SEQUENCE OF TOP DOWN

CONSTRUCTION REINFORCING CAGE
INSTALLATION
 BASEMENT
CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES

DRISHTI JAIN
3RD YEAR B
14