REFERENCE LIST OF APA STYLE

Compiled and Represented in

Writing Class
Muhammadiyah University of
Kendari
2012
 APA REFERENCE LIST

Reference list: a list of the full publication details

of the information sources you have cited in
your text. Whereas bibliography: a list of the
publication details of all works you consulted
when researching your work, not just those cited
in your text.
The reference list has two main purposes; first,
to identify and acknowledge the source of the
information; second, to enable the reader to
retrieve the original authors work, if required. To
fulfill these purposes, it is important that the
reference list contains fill publication details of
each work in the correct APA format.
The APA style has key features as follows:
Page layout: start the reference list on a new
page at the end of your essay or research
report. Center the word References at the
top of the page; do not underline, italicize or
bold this heading. All the reference entries
should be double-line spaced, with no extra
line spaces between each entry.
Indents: A hanging indent is used. That is, the
first line of the reference entry is set flush left
and the subsequent lines are indented five to
seven spaces, or one tab space.
Titles: The title of the publication in each
General form of reference entries.

You may cite an article that has been

accepted for publication but not yet
printed. In this case, add in press in
parentheses instead of a year of your
publication. Do not give a year of
publication until a work has actually been
published. Also, if there is no date for a
work, write n.d. in parentheses instead.
Reference entries may be formed by:
1. Periodicals
2. Non-periodicals
3. Eletronic media
4. Other sources
1. Periodicals
Journals
Newspapers and magazines
Proceeding of meetings and
symposia
2. Non-periodicals
Books
Chapter in an edited book
Encyclopedia or dictionary
Technical and research report
Unpublished works
Doctoral and masters
dissertations and theses
 3. Electronic media
Internet only journal articles
Internet articles based on a print
source
Journal articles retrieved from a
database
Online discussion groups and
newsgroup
Web sites
4. Other sources
Emails
Abstract
oAbstracts as original sources
oAbstract obtained from database
Audiovisual media
oTelevision broadcast
oTelevision series
oAudio recording (general form)
 1. Periodicals
Journals

Author, A. A., & Second Author, B. B. (Year of Publication). Title of article: All
parts included. Journal Title, Volume Number, page or pages.
a. One author:
Mook, D. G. (1983). In defense of external validity. American Psychologist, 38,
379-387
b. Two author
Fogarty, G. J., & Burton, L. J. (1996). A comparison of measures of preferred
processing style: Method or trait variance?. Journal of Mental Imagery, 20,
87-112
c. Three to six authors:
Ramus, F., Hauser, M., Miller, C., Morris, D., Mook, D. G., & Mehler, J. (2000).
Language discrimination by human newborns and by cotton-top tamarin
monkeys. Science, 288, 349-351
d. More than six authors:
Sanfilipo, M., Lafargue, T., Rusinek, H., Arena, L., Loneragan, C., & Lautin, A., et
al. (2000). Volumtric measure of the frontal and temporal lobe. Archieves of
General Psychiatry, 57. 471-480
e. Page numbering begins from 1
Stankov, L., & Crawford, J. D. (1993). Ingredients of complexity in fluid
intelligence. Learning and Individual Differences, 5(2), 73-111
Newspapers and magazines
Newspaper
Order: authors name, date of publication (year,
month, and day), the title of the article, the
name of the newspaper, and the page
number(s). The format shown below.
Woodey, B. (1999, May 18). UN staff, diplomats
ringside for militia rampage. The Australian, pp.
9-10
If theres no authors name, list by the title of the
article and include all other elements as shown
below.
Australian awarded neutral cup surface. (1998,
September 12). The Chronicle, p. 18.
Megazines
Include only the numbers, written numerically and in full. For
example:
Fandray, D. (2001, May). The new thinking in performance appraisals.
Workforce, 36-40.
Laurie, V. (2001) April 28-29). Tough love. The Australian Magazine,
20-23).
Moreison, J. (2001, May). Communicator makes his mark. Superfunds,
247, 32-33.

Proceeding of meetings and symposia

Capitalise the name of symposium. Include the name of state (if
American) or country only if does not appear as part of the name of
university.
Burton, L. J., & Dowling, D. G., (2005). In search of the key factors
that influence the student success in university. In A. Brew & C.
Asmar (Eds.), Higher education in a changing world. Research and
development in higher education: Vol. 28. Proceeding of the 2005
Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia
annual conference (pp. 68-78). Australia: University of Sydney.
 2. Non Periodicals
Books
Order:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book. City, State:
Name of Publisher.
Carrol, J. B. (1993) Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-
analytic studies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
An edited book is referenced as follows:
McInerney, D., & Van Etten, S. (Eds). (2005). Research on
sociocultural influences on motivation and learning. Focus on
curriculum: Vol. 5. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
Several editions, cite the edition number.
Ellerman, D. A., & Wildermuth, N. L. (2000). Writing research
reports and essays in pschology (3rd ed.). Toowoomba,
Australia: USQ Press.
For a revised of book, include (Rev. ed.) after the book title.
Chapter in an edited book.
Order:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of
publication)., Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B.
Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Book title (pp. xxx-
xxx). City, State: Name of Publisher.
Finke, R. A., & Shepard, R. N. (1986). Visual
functions of mental imagery. In K.R. Boff, L.
Kauffman, & J. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of
perception and human performances (vol. 2,
pp. 1- 55). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Encyclopedia or dictionary
Similar way to books.
Reber, A. S., & reber, E. (Eds.). (2001). The
penguin dictionary of psychology (3rd ed.).
Technical and research reports
Technical and research reports are treated the same as books.
Kyllonen, P. C. (1985). Dimmensions of information processing
speed (No. AFHL-TP-84-56). San Antonio, TX: Brooks Air Force
Base.
Unpublished works
Dorman. M. (2000, August). Helping university students to learn
APA referencing through use of interactive COOL TOOLS. Paper
presented at the international conference of Technology in
Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Samos island, Greece.
Worth , E. (2000, October). The criterion related validity of the
Revised Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire. Poster
session presented at the 35the Annual Conference of the
Australian Psychological Society, Canberra, Australia.
Doctoral and masters dissertations and theses
Lamont-Mills, A. (2001). The construction of gender identity in elite
sport: A mixed methods exploration. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University f Southern Queensland. Toowoomba,
Australia.
 3. Electronic media
Internet-only journal articles (published journal)
Add retrieval statement at the end.
Hammer, L. B., Allen, E., & Grigsby, T. D. (1997). Work-
family conflict in dual-earner couples: Within-individual
and crossover effects of work and family. Journal of
Vocational Behaviour, 55, 185-203. Retrieved May 31,
2001, from
http://www.idealibrary.com
Internet articles based on a print source
Add the words Electronic version in square brackets after
the title of the article.
Finegan, J. E. (2000). The impact of person and
organisational values on organisational commitment.
[Electronic version]. Journal of Occupational and
Organisational Psychology, 73, 149-170.
Journal articles retrieved from a database
Retrievel statement includes the date you accessed the
information (month, day, and year) and the name of the
database.
Frone, M. R. (1999). Work stress and alcohol use. Alcohol
Research & Health, 23, 8-18. Retrieved May 31, 2001, from
EBSCOhost database.

online discussion groups and newsgroup (online journal

articles).
Use subject line of the message as the article; do not italicise it.
Include the words Message posted to before the URL address.
McKeon, C. (2001, December 1). How to motivate yourself
[Msg31]. Message posted to
http://www.usq.edu.au/group/higherdegrees/message00
031.html
Web sites
Include basic elements, adding a retrievel
statement to the end. When no author identified
begin the reference with the title of document.
Measurement of psychological impairment in
matters of civil litigation. (2001), April 6).
Retrieved June 4, 2001, from The Australian
Psychological Society web site:

http://www.pychsociety.com.au/about/civil_lit.ht
m
The British Psychological Society, Leicester,
United Kingdom. (2001). Careers and
development . Retrieved June 6, 2001, from
 4. Other sources
Emails
Demetriou, A. (2000, January). Self-awareness and the
psychological marking of g. Review of Jensen on
intelligence-g-factor. Psycoloquy, 11(2). Retrieved from
Email: psyc2pucc Message: Get psyc.00.11.002.
Abstracts
Abstracts as origin sources
Author, A. (year of publication). Title of article: All parts
included [Abstract]. Journal Title, Volume Number, page
or pages.
Abstracts from secondary sources
Sand, G., & Mizayaki, A. D. (2000). The Impact of social
support on salesperson burnout components. Psychology
& Marketing, 17, 13-26. Abstract obtained from
Communication Abstracts, 2000, 23, Abstract No. 1299
Abstracts obtained from a database
Cite the specific online database abstracts came from, and
include the date of retrieval and any other information needed
to locate this item. This may require a web address or an item
number in a database.
Cooper, M. D. (2000). Towards a model of safety culture. Safety
Science, 36, 111-136. Abstract retrieved May 31, 2001, from
INFOTRAC database.
Mearns, K. J. & Flin, R. (1999). Assessing the state of
organizational safety: Culture or climate? Current Psychology:
Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 18, 5-17. Abstract
retrieved May 31, 2001, from PsycINFO database.
Rutter. M., Pickles, A., Murray. B., & Eaves, L. (2001). Testing
hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on
behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 291-324. Abstract
retrieved January 7, 2000, from
http://www.apa.org/journals/bul/501ab.html
No full stop is used followed a web address.
Audiovisual media
oTelevision broadcast
McLean, J. (Executive Producer). (2002, December
4). Outback upfront [Television broadcast].
Perth, Australia Broadcasting Corporation.

oTelevision series
Ross, D. [Executive Producer]. (2006). Reality
bites [Television series]. Sydney, Australia:
Australia Broadcasting Corporation.

oAudio recording (general form)

Author, A. (Speaker). (Year of publication). Title of
recording (Cassette Recording No. 123). City,
State: Name of Distributor.
 Ordering the reference list:
Entries are listed Alphabetically, according to authors name
Where a work has two or more authors, the position still
based of the first author
Where several works by the same author are included, list
them chronologically, starting with oldest till the recent.
If several works of same author published in same year,
order reference according to the title. To distinguish them,
add a lowercase letter to the year of publication (e.g.
1999a, 199b), based on alphabetical order title.
Some works will have the same first author but different co-
authors. Place them in order alphabetically, acording the
surename of second author
One-author entries precede multiple-author entries
beginning with the same surname.
 Special cases for ordering
references
When deciding the alphabetical order or
references, treat the prefixes Mac, or Mc as the
spelt = Mc
Surnames originating from language other than
english can start with the articles or the
preposition such as de, von, or van. use the
prefix. For chinesse, use the first name as
surname. E.g. Kim, Y. & Kim. Kitao, S., Kathleen
and Saeki, Nami.
Some documents suc as newsletter and journal
articles, may identify as the author a group or
organization (e.g. The department of Family
Servces) rather than specific person. Place in