Sofware Design

DFD
 Software Design

Software design is an iterative process through which

requirements are translated into a blueprint for
constructing the software.
 Data flow diagram

Data flow diagram is not a flowchart

DFD is a graphical representation of Flow of data
through an information system
It views a system as a function that transform the input
in to desired output.
Flowchart shows flow of control
Data flow diagram show flow of data.
Processes in DFD can operate in parallel
DFDs processes can change timely, flowcharts are
constant.
 Creating a DFD

Steps
Create a list of activities
Create context level DFD (identifies external entities and
processes)
Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable subprocess)
Construct Level 1-n DFD (identifies actual data flow and
data stores)
Symbols for DFD
 A few simple guidelines for derivation of a data flow diagram:
(1) the level 0 data flow diagram should depict the
software/system as a single bubble;
(2) primary input and output should be carefully noted;
(3) refinement should begin by isolating candidate processes,
data objects, and data stores to be represented at the next
level;
(4) all arrows and bubbles should be labeled with meaningful
names;
(5) information flow continuity must be maintained from
level to level, and
(6) one bubble at a time should be refined. There is a natural
tendency to overcomplicate the data flow diagram. This
occurs when you attempt to show too much detail too
early.
Context level DFD ( Level 0) for Safe home
Level 1 DFD
DFD level 2
 The refinement of DFDs continues until each bubble
performs a simple function. That is, until the process
represented by the bubble performs a function that
would be easily implemented as a program
component.
 Examples for DFD construction

Tic Tac toe game

Level 0 (Context DFD) Level 1 DFD

 Supermarket example
A supermarket needs to develop the following software to encourage
regular customers. For this, the customer needs to supply his/her
residence address, telephone number, and the driving license
number. Each customer who registers for this scheme is assigned a
unique customer number (CN) by the computer. A customer can
present his CN to the check out staff when he makes any purchase.
In this case, the value of his purchase is credited against his CN. At
the end of each year, the supermarket intends to award surprise gifts
to 10 customers who make the highest total purchase over the year.
Also, it intends to award a 22 caret gold coin to every customer
whose purchase exceeded Rs.10,000. The entries against the CN are
the reset on the day of every year after the prize winners lists are
generated.
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
System Architecture for ATM
 Next letcure

Use case
Activity
Use case Diagram