PELVIC AND PERINEUM

Vithia Ghozalla
Annisha Rizky
Afriliani Zahra
Ayu Andini Putri
GROSS
ANATO PATHOFIS
IOLOGY
MY

Identification
and Validation
of Genes
Involved in
Cervical
Tumourigenesi
s
 ANATOMY OF PELVIC AND
PERINEUM

BONES AND LIGAMENT OF PELVIS

PELVIC CONTENTS
ARTERIES AND VEINS
 Sacral
Sacroiliac joint promontory

Ischial
spine

Pubis symphysis
Ischial tuberosity
Pubic arch
 Anterior
longitudinal
ligament
Iliolumbar
ligament
Iliac fossa

Tuberculum of
iliac crest

Anterior
sacroiliac
ligament

Anterior superior
iliac spine
Sacrotuberous
ligament
coccy
Sacrospinosus x
ligament

Ischial spine Obturator

foramen
 Supraspinosus
ligament

Posterior superior
iliac spine

Posterior
sacroiliac
ligaments

Sacrospinosus
ligament

Sacrotuberous
ligament

Deep posterior
sacrococcygeal
Tendon of long head of
ligament
biceps femoris muscle
Superficial posterior
sacrococcygeal
ligaments
 Urinary
bladdder rectum
and
uterus transverse appendix
vesical fold
ovary
cecum
uterine

Descending
colon Ascending
colon
Sigmoid
ureter
colon
 Urinary bladder
and transverse
Ductus vesical fold rectum append
deferens ix
Testicularis in caecu
peritoneal m
fold

Descending
colon
Testicular
Sigmoid vessels Ascending
colon ureter colon
 Abdominal aorta

Internal iliac
Iliolumbar artery
artery

Superior gluteal
artery
Externa
l iliac
artery

Inferior gluteal
artery
Internal
pudendal artery
 Inferior vena Abdominal
cava aorta

Deep dorsal
vein and
artery of Ductus
penis deferens

Posterior
srotal artery
Artery of
Testicular
ductus
artery
deferens
 pathophysiology
Cervical cancers start in the cells on
the surface of the cervix. There are two
types of cells on the cervix's surface:
squamous and columnar. Most cervical
cancers are from squamous cells.
Cervical cancer usually develops very
slowly. It starts as a precancerous
condition called dysplasia. This
precancerous condition can be
detected by a Pap smear and is 100%
treatable.
 Identification and Validation
of Genes Involved
in Cervical Tumourigenesis

Background
Objective
Material and Method
Result
Conclusion
 BACKGROUND
Cervical cancer is the most
common cancer among Indian
women. This cancer has well
defined pre-cancerous stages
and evolves over 10-15 years or
more. This study was undertaken
to identify differentially
expressed genes between
normal, dysplastic and invasive
cervical cancer.
 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to identify
genes differentially expressed between
normal cervix, CIN1/CIN2, CIN3/CIS and
invasive cervical cancer, using oligo-
microarray technique, validate the genes
so identified using Relative quantitation
Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
(RQ-RT-PCR) and detect potential
biomarkers for early diagnosis and
therapeutic targets.
 MATERIAL & METHOD
Twenty eight cervical cancer patients'
samples were included in the study.
This study used microarray technique
followed by validation of the
significant genes by relative
quantitation using Taqman Low
Density Array Real Time PCR.
 RESULT
Twenty seven of the tumours were
Squamous cell carcinomas (18 Large cell
non-keratinizing, 5 large cell keratinizing
and 4 unspecified) and one was a poorly
differentiated carcinoma. Eighteen were
HPV16 positive, 6 were HPV18 positive and
4 were HPV16 and 18 subtype negative
(but HPV positive). All the Normals were
HPV negative while one CIN1/2 and all the
CIN3/CIS were HPV16 positive.
 CONCLUSION
The study has helped identify newer
genes which could play a role in the
cervical tumorigenesis and could
offer the potential of developing
newer diagnostic markers and
therapeutic targets. We have
confirmed over-expression of MMP3,
UBE2C and p16 in tumours, by IHC.
THANK YOU