Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Management Accounting:
The Master Budget
Chapter 20
Feedback
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 4
Objective 1
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 5
Management Accounting
and Financial Accounting
Primary Users
Internal
Internal managers
managers of
of the
the business
business
Investors,
Investors, Creditors,
Creditors,
Government
Government authorities
authorities (ATO,
(ATO, ASIC
ASIC etc.)
etc.)
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 6
Management Accounting
and Financial Accounting
Purpose of Information
Help
Help managers
managers plan
plan and
and
control
control business
business operations
operations
Help
Help investors,
investors, creditors,
creditors, and
and others
others make
make
investment,
investment, credit,
credit, and
and other
other decisions
decisions
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 7
Management Accounting
and Financial Accounting
Relevance
Relevance
Reliability,
Reliability, objectivity,
objectivity, and
and focus
focus on
on the
the past
past
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 8
Management Accounting
and Financial Accounting
Type of Report
Internal
Internal reports
reports not
not restricted
restricted by
by GAAP
GAAP
Financial
Financial statements
statements restricted
restricted by
by GAAP
GAAP
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 9
Management Accounting
and Financial Accounting
Verification
No
No independent
independent audit
audit
Annual
Annual independent
independent audit
audit
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 10
Management Accounting
and Financial Accounting
Scope of Information
Detailed
Detailed reports
reports on
on
parts
parts of
of the
the company
company
Summary
Summary reports
reports primarily
primarily
on
on the
the company
company as
as aa whole
whole
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 11
Management Accounting
and Financial Accounting
Behavioral Implications
Concern
Concern about
about how
how reports
reports
will
will affect
affect employees
employees behavior
behavior
Concern
Concern about
about adequacy
adequacy of
of disclosure
disclosure
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 12
Service, Retail,
and Manufacturing Companies
Service
Service Company:
Company:
provides
provides intangible
intangible services,
services,
rather
rather than
than tangible
tangible products
products
Retail
Retail Company:
Company:
resells
resells products
products previously
previously
bought
bought from
from suppliers
suppliers
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 13
Service, Retail,
and Manufacturing Companies
Manufacturing
Manufacturing Company:
Company:
uses
uses labour,
labour, plant,
plant, and
and equipment
equipment toto convert
convert
raw
raw materials
materials into
into finished
finished products
products
Materials
Materials inventory
inventory
Work
Work in
in process
process inventory
inventory
Finished
Finished goods
goods inventory
inventory
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 14
Objective 2
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 15
Value Chain
Customer
Marketing Distribution
Services
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 16
Objective 3
Distinguish direct
costs
from indirect costs.
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 17
Cost Objects, Direct Costs,
and Indirect Costs
Cost objects are anything for which a
separate measurement of costs is
desired.
Cost drivers are any factors that affect
cost.
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 18
Cost Objects, Direct Costs,
and Indirect Costs
What are examples of cost objects?
individual products
alternative marketing strategies
geographic segments of the business
departments
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 19
Cost Objects, Direct Costs,
and Indirect Costs
What are direct costs?
Direct costs are those costs that can be
specifically traced to the cost object.
What are indirect costs?
Indirect costs are costs that cannot be
specifically traced to the cost object.
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 20
Objective 4
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 21
Product Costs
Full
Full Inventoriable
Inventoriable
product
product product
product
costs
costs costs
costs
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 22
External Reporting
Inventoriable
Inventoriable
Period
Period
product
product costs
costs
costs
costs
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 23
Inventoriable Product Costs
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 24
Inventoriable Product Costs
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 25
Inventoriable Product Costs
Manufacturing Overhead
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 26
Inventoriable Product Costs
Direct Direct
Materials Labour
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 27
Inventoriable Product Costs
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 29
Financial Statements for
Service Companies
There is no inventory and thus no
inventoriable costs.
The statement of financial performance
does not include cost of goods sold.
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 30
Financial Statements for
Retail Companies
Statement of Financial Statement of Financial
Position Performance
Inventoriable Sales Revenue
Costs
when deduct
Purchases of sales
occur Cost of
Inventory plus Inventory
Goods Sold
Freight-In
equals Gross Profit
deduct
Period Operating
Costs Expenses
equals Net Profit
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 31
Financial Statements for
Manufacturing Companies
Statement of Financial Statement of Financial
Position Performance
Inventoriable
Costs Sales Revenue
when deduct
Materials Finished sales
Inventory occur Cost of
Goods
Goods Sold
Inventory
equals Gross Profit
deduct
Work in
Period Operating
Process Costs Expenses
Inventory equals Net Profit
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 32
Manufacturing Company Example
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 33
Manufacturing Company Example
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 34
Manufacturing Company Example
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 35
Manufacturing Company Example
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 36
Manufacturing Company Example
Sales $627,000
Cost of goods sold 327,000
= Gross profit $300,000
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 37
Manufacturing Company Example
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 38
Manufacturing Company Example
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 39
Flow of Costs through a
Manufacturers Accounts
Work in Process Inventory
Direct Materials Beginning inventory
Inventory + Direct materials used
Beginning inventory
+ Purchases and
+ Direct labour
freight-in
+ Manufacturing overhead
= Total manufacturing costs
= Direct materials to account for
available for use Ending inventory
Ending inventory = Cost of goods manufactured
= Direct materials used
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 40
Flow of Costs through a
Manufacturers Accounts
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 41
Objective 6
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 42
Benefits of Budgeting
Sales
Sales Purchases
Purchases Cost
Costof
of Operating
Operating Budgeted
Budgeted
Budget
Budget Budget
Budget Goods
GoodsSold
Sold Expenses
Expenses Statement
Statementofof
____
____ ____
____ ____
____ ____
____ Budget Budget Financial
Financial
____ ____ ____ ____ Budget
____ ____ Budget
____ ____
____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ Performance
Performance
____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____
____ ____
____ ____
____
____
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____
____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____
____
____
____ ____
Operating Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 44
Components of the Master
Budget
Cash
Cash
Budget
Budget
_____
_____ _____
_____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____
Budgeted Capital _____
_____ _____
_____
Budgeted Capital _____
Statement
Statementof
of Expenditures
Expenditures _____ _____
_____ _____
Financial Budget _____ _____ Financial Budget
Financial Budget_____
_____
Performance
Performance _____ _____
_____
_____ _____ _____
_____ _____
_____
_____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____ _____
_____ Budgeted
Budgeted Budgeted
Budgeted
_____ _____
_____ _____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____ _____ Statement
Statementofof Statement
Statement
_____
_____ _____ Financial of Cash Flows
Financial of Cash
_____ Flows
_____
Position
Position _____ _____
_____
_____ _____ _____
_____ _____
_____
_____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____ _____
_____ _____
_____
_____ _____
_____ _____ _____
_____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____
_____ _____
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 45
Preparing the Master Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 46
Preparing the Master Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 47
Preparing the Master Budget
Projected Sales
October. $50,000
November. $80,000
December.. $60,000
January.. $50,000
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 48
Preparing the Master Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 50
Preparing the Master Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 51
Objective 7
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 52
Sales Budget (Schedule A)
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 53
Sales Budget (Schedule A)
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 54
Purchases, Cost of Goods
Sold,
and Inventory Budget
Cost of goods sold = 70% sales
How much are the cost of goods sold for
November?
70% $80,000 = $56,000
What is the desired ending inventory for
October?
$20,000 + (80% $56,000) = $64,800
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 55
Purchases, Cost of Goods
Sold,
and Inventory Budget
Beginning inventory + Purchases
Ending inventory = Cost of goods sold
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 56
Schedule B
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 57
Operating Expenses Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 58
Operating Expenses
Budget
(Schedule C)
Oct. Nov. Dec Jan.
Variable expenses
(From Schedule A)
20% of sales $ 10,000 $ 16,000 $12,000 $10,000
Fixed expenses 5,200 5,200 5,200 5,200
Total $15,200 $21,200 $17,200 $15,200
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 59
Budgeted Statement of
Financial Performance
Whitewater Sporting Goods Store No. 18
Budgeted Statement of Financial Performance
Four Months Ending January 31, 2005
Amount Source
Sales $240,000 Schedule A
Cost of goods sold 168,000 Schedule B
Gross profit $ 72,000
Operating expense 68,800 Schedule C
Net profit $ 3,200
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 60
Objective 8
Prepare the
components
of a financial budget.
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 61
Preparing the Financial
Budget
The financial budget includes:
Budgeted
Cash budget Statement of
Financial Position
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 62
Preparing the Cash Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 63
Cash Collections from
Customers
(Schedule D)
From Schedule A
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
Cash sales $30,000 $48,000 $36,000 $30,000
Collections of last
months credit sales 16,000* 20,000 32,000 24,000
Total $46,000 $68,000 $68,000 $54,000
Total collections: $236,000
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 65
Cash Disbursements for
Operating Expenses (Schedule
F)
From Schedule C
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
Payment of last
months expenses $ 4,250 $ 5,000 $7,250 $ 5,750
Payment of this
months expenses 5,000 7,250 5,750 5,000
Rent and Misc. 4,500 6,000 5,000 4,500
Total $13,750 $18,250 $18,000 $15,250
Total disbursements: $65,250
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 66
Cash Budget
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 69
Budgeting and Sensitivity
Analysis
Sensitivity analysis helps managers
plan for different courses of action.
This type of what if analysis shows the
result of changing an underlying
assumption in the budgeting process.
Sensitivity analysis may affect very
specific plans.
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 70
End of Chapter
20
Horngren Harrison Bamber Best Fraser Willett, Accounting 4e Copyright 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 - 71