SPORT INJURY REHABILITATION

dr Endang Ambarwati,
SpKFR-K

Program Studi IKFR

FK UNDIP/SMF Rehabilitasi Medik
RSUP Dr. Kariadi
Semarang
 SPORT INJURY

Sport for recreation

Sport for therapy
Sport for competition
The type of injury seen in competitive
sport will depend on factors that may be
placed into three categories :

1. The nature of the sport.

2. The mental & physical state of the
individual
3. Environmental factors
PHYSICAL FITNESS :
Kesanggupan dan kemampuan tubuh
melakukan adaptasi terhadap pembebanan
fisik yang diberikan tanpa menimbulkan
kelelahan yg berlebihan.
Unsur-unsur yg berhubungan :
1. Endurance
2. Muscle strenght
3. Muscle explosive power
4. Speed
5. Flexibility
6. Agility.
7. Balance.
8. Reaction time
9. Coordination.
Coordination
Faktor yg mempengaruhi :
a. Usia dan jenis kelamin
b. Aktifitas fisik : intensitas stimulus
c. Tipe / bentuk anatomi tubuh.
d. Suhu lingkungan
e. Diet.
f. Kelelahan.
 PEMULIHAN CEDERA
JARINGAN
Terbagi 3 phase :

Acute inflammatorycellular reaction phase

1-3 days

Fibroplasia - proliferative phase

3 21 days

Scar maturation or remodeling phase

21 days 24 months
NYERI
Nyeri : sebuah fenomena psikologis.
Allan I.Basbaum 1988 : pain is not just a stimulus
that is transmitted over specific pathway but rather a
complex perception , the nature of which it is
experienced, and most importantly, on the affective
or emotional state of the individual. Pain is to
somatic stimulation as beauty is to a visual
stimulus. It is very subjective experience.

KLASIFIKASI : - FISIOLOGIS NOSISEPTIF

- INFLAMASI KLINIS
- NEUROPATIK KLINIS
SPASME OTOT
PEMBIDAIAN OTOT INVOLUNTER DAN TIDAK
TEPAT, REVERSIBEL PADA SEKELOMPOK OTOT ,
AKIBAT AKTIVITAS BERLEBIHAN PADA UNIT MOTOR
ATAU PERUBAHAN DALAM DAYA
KETERANGSANGAN ( EXITABILITAS ) SERABUT
OTOT.
SIMPTOMATOLOGI SPASME OTOT :
-NYERI KESALAHAN REGULASI SIST MOTORIK
-TENDERNESS RASA SAKIT
-TENSENESS KETEGANGAN OTOT
-STIFNESS KEKAKUAN OTOT
PENANGANAN NYERI :
-ANALGESIK
-NSAID
-MORFIN
-ANTIDEPRESANT
-KALSITONIN
-STEROID
-ANESTETIK
-MUSCLE RELAKSAN

-NON FARMAKOLOGIK :
DIATHERMY - SPRAY & STRETCH
-MASSAGE - EXERCISE
-BIOFEEDBACK - PSIKOSOSIAL
Impairment :

1. Strain ( stress ) : kerusakan yg terjadi pada

kesatuan otot-tendon ok penggunaan
berlebihan atau peregangan berlebihan.( akut
/ kronik )
2. Sprain : cedera pd ligamen ok peregangan
berlebihan yg mengakibatkan kerusakan
ligamen or tempat lekatnya pd tulang. ( bisa
ligamentous-fracture)
Sprain ringan ( derajat 1 ):
robek bbrp serat + hematom ligament,
fungsi baik
Sprain sedang ( derajat 2 ) : ada
gangguan fungsional
Sprain berat ( derajat 3 ): robekan total
serat ligamen, gangguan fungsional
Sprain fracture ( derajat 4 ) : ada
kerusakan sebagian tulang ( ligament
avulsion )
INFLAMATION :
Akut
Kronik
Cedera inflamasi akut :
Tindakan : R esting
I ce ( ice packs, freeze spray, cryo )
C ompression ( cotton wool, sponge, )
E levation
Medicamentosa : analgesic & anti inflamations
Kronik : ( > 3 hari 5 hari ) : heat applications
Stage of Resolution :
* Heat applications ( hot water, infra red, moist
packs , parafin wax )
* Short wave diathermy
* Microwave diathermy
* Ultrasound diathermy
* Interferential or TENS
* Exercises : passive
active : En-tree, Cybex, pully,
ergocycle, etc.
Massage : kadang diperlukan.
Movement : passive, mobilisation,
manipulation, traction
Remedial exercise : strength, endurance,
flexibility, balance as soon as safely
possible.
( Average of three or four days following
injury )
Strapping and bandaging techniques are
invaluable in providing support and protection
during treat and train and on return to early
specific training.
 First aid :

To prevent further injury ( medical history, skill level,

personality characteristics, warming up )
1. Maintain an open airway, respiration and circulation
2. Control bleeding
3. Prevent infection
4. Minimise swelling
5. Minimise pain
6. Minimise shock
7. Seek medical aid.
BASIC STRAPPING & BANDAGING SKILLS :
a. Prophylactic :
( lateral lig of the ankle joint in basket ball, the
medial lig a & anterior cruciate of the knee in
football, the finger joints in goalkeeping,
volleyball,etc )

b. Therapeutic :
the choice of materials will be predetermined by the
anatomical structure involved and the stage of
inflammation
General hints on bandage & tape
applications :
Wash the part with warm soapy water
Bandage from below upwards always starting
with two turns to anchor the bandage
Maintain an even overall pressure
Dont use NON-Elastic adhesive tape for
compression
Check circulation after bandage
Never use adhesive tape directly over
inflammatory or infectious skin