HISTOLOGY

Is the study of tissues

or microanatomy and
provides valuable
information on the
functional morphology
of man and animals.
ANIMAL TISSUES
EPITHELIAL
TISSUE
SIMPLE STRATIFIE
D
CLASSIFICATION OF
SIMPLE EPITHELIUM
TISSUES
 SQUAMOUS

Tissues are thin and have

flat plates squamous cells,
tend to have horizontal
flattened elliptical nuclie
because of the thin flattened
form of the cell
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

Are roughly square or

cuboidal In shape and
each cell has spherical
nucleus in the center.
 SIMPLE COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM

Tissues occur in one or more

elongated and column
shape. In the same manner
the nuclei are elongated and
are usually located near the
base of the cells.
CILIATED COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM

Are also simple

columnar epithelial
tissues, however these
tissues have fine hair-
like out growth called
GRANDULAR EPITHELIUM

Are columnar epithelium tissues

with goblets. Columnar cuboidal
epithelial cells often become
specialized as gland cells which are
capable of synthesizing and
secreting certain substances such
as enzymes, hormones, milk,
FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL
TISSUES
PROTECTION
SENSATION
SECRETION
ABSORPTION
EXCRETION
DIFFUSION
CLEANING
REDUCES
FRICTION IN
THE
CIRCULATOR
Y SYSTEM
CONNECTIV
E
TISSUES
 Connective Tissues
Includes large group of different tissues
characterized by having dispersed cells and
large extracellular space called extra
cellular matrix.
The extra cellular matrix may be solid (as
in bone), soft (as in loose connective
tissues, or liquid (as in blood).
 The functions of connective tissues are varied
depending on the type of connective tissue.
The functions is mainly in binding and support
the other tissues.
Other function: Protection, provision of cushion
maintenance of body form, filing body space,
storage of fats, transports of nutrients and waste,
body defense, repair of body parts.
 Kinds of Connective Tissues:

Loose Connective Tissue are also called areolar connective

tissues. A type of connective tissues with watery matrix . Are found
beneath the epithelium of the skin around blood vessels, muscles,
and nerves and in internal organs, such as lugs and urinary
bladder. Its function include binding and supporting tissues,
protection and nourishment of organs, and storing body fluid.
Dense connective Tissue made of closely pack bundles of
collagen fibers with few cells. They are more flexible that loose
connective tissues but more rigid. These tissues are found in
tendons which connect the muscles to bones, in ligaments which
connect the bone and in the dermis of the skin.
 Reticular Connective Tissue - are made of cells
called reticulocytes and a matrix that contain reticular
fibers. The tissues give support to soft organs and such
as the spleen , lymph nodes and liver. They also provide
supporting frame work for the bone narrow and
lymphoid.

Elastic Connective Tissue are highly elastic

(flexible). These tissues provide elasticity to tissues. It
is found in large arteries, such as the aorta, bronchial
tubes and in the ligaments of the vertebral column.
These fibers allow the tissues to recoil afterstretching.

Adipose Connective Tissue are special types of

connective tissues that store fats. This is loose
connective tissue composed of adipocytes. It is
technically composed of roughly only 80% fat. Its main
SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
The Cartilage
is a type of connective tissue with cells called
chondrocytes which are separated by strong yet
flexible matrix made up of a substance called
chrondrin, a protein carbohydrate complex.
Found in the human ears, nose and joints. It gives
strength, support and protection to the soft parts of
the body.
 Bones
Serves as the structural framework of the
body and are needed for movement and
locomotion.
Serves as the reservoir for calcium.
 FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Blood is a special type of connective tissue with a liquid

matrix called the blood plasma.
The cells of the blood include the erythrocytes or red
blood cells for the transport of oxygen, leukocytes or
white blood cells for the bodys defense against infection,
and the thrombocytes or blood platelets for blood
clotting.
The blood transports nutrients to cells and remove carbon
dioxide and other wastes.
The blood regulates the fluids, ions, and Ph balance of the
MUSCLE TISSUES

One of the basic functions of this tissue

has an ability to relax and contrast that
bring about movement and mechanical
works in various parts of the body, these
movements in the body are necessary for
the survival of organism such as heart and
the movements of the digestive system.
 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

Smooth muscle tissue are made up of thin-elongated muscle

cells, fibres characterized by pointed ends and each has a single,
large oval nucleus. They are nonstriated, involuntary, and
unbranched with a single nucleus per muscle fiber.
Skeletal muscle tissues are attached to skeletons through
tendons. Skeletal muscle tissues are responsible for the movements
of the most body parts and for locomotion. They are striated
voluntary, and unbranched with multiple nuclei.
Cardiac muscular tissues are found only in the walls of the
heart. The contraction of cardiac muscle causes the heartbeat which
pump blood. Cardiac muscles are also striated but its contraction is
Nervous Tissues

These tissues receive and send

information through out the body and to
react to stimuli and to conduct impulses
to various organs in the body which
bring about a response to the stimuli.
Classification of neurons
according to structure
Unipolar Neurons example is the sensory
neurons which have single fiber that divides
close to the cell body into to main branches
namely axon and dendrite.
Multipolar Neurons examples are the motor
neurons, which have numerous cell processes.
Bipolar Neurons are spindle-shaped with a
dendrite at one end and an axon at the other.
 Functions of Nerve Tissues
Allows an organism to sense stimuli in both
the internal and external environment.
Analyzes stimuli and integrates it to provide
appropriate, coordinated responses in various
organs.
Conduct nerve impulses from the sense organs
and receptors to thee central nervous system.
-Supplies the connection between the
afferent and efferent neurons as well as
different parts of the central nervous
system.

-Transmits the impulse from the central

nervous system to muscle which then
reacts to the initial stimulus.

-Transmits impulses to the involuntary

muscles and glands.
SIMPLE