GREEN AND SUSTAINABILITY

CHEMICAL PROCESS
EKB 4293
SHIFTING THE FOCUS FROM END-OF-LIFE
RECYCLING TO CONTINUOUS PRODUCT
LIFECYCLES
DENESH A/L A.MOHAN : 1000048

ZANDRA LAVANYA A/P ISAC : 1000338

YOGENDRAN A/L GANESAN : 1000337

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTIO
N
 RECYCLING
Recycling is the recovery of useful materials, such as paper, glass, plastic, and metals,
from the trash to use to make new products, which reduces the amount of virgin raw
materials needed
Recycling is a simple way for citizens to reduce waste, contribute to energy
conservation, and preserve natural resources.
Recycling helps benefit your community and the environment.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
RECYCLING
High upfront capital costs

Recycling sites are always unhygienic, unsafe and unsightly

Products from recycled waste may not be durable

Recycling might not be inexpensive

Recycling is not widespread on large scale

 CIRCULAR ECONOMY
A circular economy is one that is restorative and regenerative by design, which aims to keep

products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times.

It is a shift from the linear take-make-waste economic model to an economic model where the

economic value of the resources is fully utilised and the burden on global natural resources is

reduced. Ideally, all waste is prevented or recycled in a circular economy.

Products are designed in such a way that materials and components can be restored and re-

introduced into the economy, from production and consumption to reusing, repairing, re-

manufacturing, refurbishing and recycling.

 LINEAR ECONOMY
Linear economy is where raw materials were easily available and cheap, technologies were

improved and optimized and the concept of linear economy was the model of growth.

Characteristic of the linear economy concept is that waste, as a side result of the production

process, is discarded into the environment. The concept is based on the principle: take, make,

consume, discard
COMPARISON OF CIRCULAR AND LINEAR
ECONOMY
LINEAR ECONOMY CIRCULAR ECONOMY

i. Works according to the 3R

approach of Reduce, Reuse &
i. Works according to the take-
Recycle.
make-dispose step plan.
ii. Material extraction is reduced
ii. Resources are extracted and
STEP PLAN where possible by using less
products are produced. Products
material, products are made of
are used until they are discarded
reused parts and materials, and
and disposed as waste.
after discarding a product,
materials and parts are recycled.
 COMPARISON OF CIRCULAR AND LINEAR
ECONOMY
Sustainability through eco-
effectiveness or eco-efficiency
LINEAR ECONOMY
i. Improved by focusing on eco-
efficiency
ii. Maximizing the economic gain
which can be realized with a
minimized environmental impact.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
i. Improved by enhancing the eco-
effectively of the system
ii. Besides minimizing the negative
impact of the system, the focus is
put on maximizing the positive
impact of the system by radical
innovations and system change.
 COMPARISON OF CIRCULAR AND LINEAR
ECONOMY
LINEAR ECONOMY
i. Use is mainly seen in down
cycling practices:
Example: Product is used for a low
grade purpose which reduces the value
of the material. Eg; concrete is
QUALITY OF REUSE PRACTICES
shredded and used as road filament.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
i. Reuse is intended to be as high
grade as possible.
A residual stream should be reused for a
function that is equal, or of a higher
value, that the initial function of the
material stream which ensures the value
of the material is retained or enhanced.
 Sustainable Materials Management (SSM)

Systemic approach to using and reusing materials more productively over their entire

lifecycles

Sustainable materials management involves using or reusing materials in the most

productive and sustainable way possible, across their entire life cycle.

Approach reduces waste, conserves resources, and lessens the impact that materials

have on the environment.

 WASTE
MANAGEMENT
WASTE MANAGEMENT
HIERARCHY
Provides a general ranking of options which helps
guide in making the right choice for managing
materials at their end of life.
The option at the top represents the highest and
best use and is generally preferred.
Waste reduction s the preferred option at the top,
followed by reuse, recycling, energy recovery and
disposal to landfill,
EVOLVING RECYCLING
HIERARCHY

Closed-loop recycling refers to recycling end-of-life products back into the

same product, such as recycling an aluminum can back into another
aluminum can.
Open-loop recycling generally refers to use of recovered materials to make
a different product.
Open-loop downcycling is when the quality and functionality of the
resource is diminished and/or capture of the material for further use is
restricted
FLOW OF MATERIALS
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS ON SHIFTING THE FOCUS FROM END-OF-
LIFE RECYCLING TO CONTINUOUS PRODUCT LIFECYCLES

Steel Can with Plastic Canister Flexible Pouch

Plastic Lid
CONCLUSION