Nature of Social

Group
Group
-people who have some sort of relationship
so that they are thought of together
-plurality of persons who have a common
identity, at least some feeling of unity, and
certain goals and shared norms
-more developed type of collectivity with a
distinct sense of identity and a definite
social structure based on direct or indirect
interaction among its members
 -an aggregate or collection of persons who
have common interests, who are stimulating
to each other,who have a common loyalty,
and who participate in common objectives
Michael Olmsted and Paul Hare

An essential feature of a group is that its

members have something in common and
that they believe what they have in
common makes a difference
But wait....
GROUP
SOCIAL GROUP
Structure of Social Group

1. There be at least two individuals who

interact with each other as the occupants
of the two positions, each of which
contains at least one role reciprocal to a
role in the other position
Structure continued...

2. A group is composed of all individuals

who occupy positions reciprocal to all other
positions in the group structure and
includes no individual who do not meet this
condition
Basic Types of Social Groups
Primary Group Secondary Group
Generally small Usually large
Relatively long Short duration,
period of time temporary
Intimate, face-to- Little social intimacy
face association Relationship is
Some emotional superficial
depth in relationship More formal
Cooperative, friendly
Family
Professional Organizations
Charles Horton Cooley

-coined the term primary

group in his book Social
Organization
Formal versus Informal Group
Formal Group Informal Group
Has a definite Evolves without
purpose, explicit explicit design and
procedures and which is not
which is specifically
characterized by organized to attain a
divisions of labor given end
which is highly
specialized
Social Groups
Primary Group Informal Group
Secondary Group Formal Group
 Gemeinschaft versus.
Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft
Relationships were One in which neither
personal, or personal
traditional, or both associations nor
customary rights
and duties are
important
Ferdinand Tonnies

-termed a Social Order which was based on

a consensus of wills and harmony developed
by the folkways, mores, and religion as
gemeinschaft in nature
Other Types of Groups
In-group Out-group
Any group or A group or category
category to which to which people feel
people feel they they do not belong
belong They, Them
We, Us
William Graham Sumner

-a Sociologist who identified In-group and

Out-group
Reference Group

-any group that individuals use as a standard

for evaluating themselves and their own
behavior
Two Basic Purposes
1. Normative Function
2. Comparative Function
 Uni-bonded versus. Multi-
bonded
Uni-bonded Multi-bonded
Group whose Groupwhose
members are united members are united
by only one by more than one tie
common interest or
purpose
Functional Group

-a group organized to further some

special interest or attain a specific
objective such as a professional or
occupational group
Territorial Group
-A group organized on the basis of
residence within a given geographic
area
-sometimes referred to as locality
groups
Self-help Group

-a mutual aid group in which people who

face a common concern or condition
come together voluntarily for emotional
support and practical assistance
Small Group

-a group small enough for all members

to interact simultaneously that is, to talk
with one another or at least be
acquianted
Social Networks

-consists of people linked by various social

ties

Networking refers to conscious use or even

cultivation of contacts people think will be
helpful to them, for instance, by joining and
belonging to clubs
Voluntary Associations

-are specialized, formally organized

groups, established on the basis of
common interest; in which membership
is based on a deliberate choice or even
pay to participate or may resign
Group Dynamics

-is the study of small groups, of the patterns

of interaction within a group, and of the inter-
relationships between a group and its
environment including other groups
-small group analysis
Group Size

Dyad-a social group containing two members

in interaction
Triad-is a group of three persons
Coalition-a development as the size of triads
become larger
Multigroup System

a. Organization or complex
organization
b. Communites and societies
Leader

-someone who influences the behavior of

others

Two Types
Instrumental (task-oriented)
Expressive (socio-emotional)
Leadership Styles

A. Authoritarian Leaders
B. Democratic Leaders
C. Laissez-faire Leaders
Bureaucracy

-a component of formal organization in

which rules and hierarchical ranking are used
to achieve efficiency
-a formal, rationally organized social structure
involving clearly defined patterns of activity in
which every series of action is fundamentally
related to the purposes of the organization
Transformation of Societies

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Pastoral and Horticultural Societies
Agricultural Societies
Industrial Societies
Post-industrial Societies
References
Cabalu, D. et.al. Applied Sociology: A
Modular Approach. 2006. Mutya
Publishing House. Balubaran, Valenzuela
City.
Saquilayan, Victorio Y. et.al. Introduction
to Sociology and Anthropology with
Family Planning. 2011. Mutya Publishing
House. Balubaran, Valenzuela City.