ENGINE FUEL CONTROL

SYSTEM
Group 10
Robles, Garryson
Bawingan, Keyle Anne
Astete, Lorenzo Luis
 FUEL
PROPERTIES
An ideal fuel should have the following properties
High calorific value
Moderate ignition temperature
Low moisture content
Low NOn combustible matter
Moderate velocity of combustion
Products of combustion not harmful
Low cost

Easy to transport
Combustion should be controllable
No spontaneous combustion
Low storage cost
Should burn in air with efficiency.
GASOLINE VS
DIESEL
FUEL TANK
 FUEL TANK

The fuel tank stores the fuel. Inside the tank, there is a
float that signals the computer systems and/or fuel gauge
as to how much fuel is in the tank. On newer vehicles, the
fuel pump, fuel, filter, and fuel pressure regulator may
also be housed inside the fuel tank.
 CARBURETOR

A carburetor is a
device that regulates
the mixture of
incoming air and
fuel in the engine
cylinders.
 CARBURETOR

Carburetors were used

widely until the 1980s,
when fuel injection
brought better fuel
efficiency and lower
emissions.
 Video carburetor - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BYm0HnLGRU
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Petrol-engined cars
use indirect fuel
injection. A fuel
pump sends the petrol
to the engine bay, and
it is then injected into
the inlet manifold by
an injector. There is
either a separate
injector for each
cylinder or one or
two injectors into the
inlet manifold.
 FUEL INJECTOR
The injectors through which the fuel is sprayed are screwed,
nozzle-first, into either the inlet manifold or the cylinder
head and are angled so that the spray of fuel is fired towards
the inlet valve.

The earliest systems were mechanically controlled. They are often

called petrol injection (PI for short) and the fuel flow is controlled
by a mechanical regulator assembly. These systems suffer from the
drawbacks of being mechanically complex and having poor
response to backing off the throttle.
 FUEL INJECTOR

Mechanical systems have now been largely

superseded byelectronic fuel
injection(known as EFi for short). This is
thanks to the increasing reliability and
decreasing costs of electronic control systems.
 FUEL INJECTOR

In a mechanical
system, the injector is
spring-loaded into the
closed position and is
opened by fuel
pressure.
 FUEL INJECTOR

The injector in an
electronic system is
also held closed by a
spring, but is opened
by an electromagnet
built into the injector
body. The electronic
control unit
determines how long
the injector stays
open.
 Video Fuel injector - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUvWnOd5lFw
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

The main purpose of the fuel injection system is to

deliver fuel into the cylinders of an engine. In order
for the engine to effectively make use of this fuel:
Fuel must be injected at the proper time, that is, the
injection timing must be controlled and
The correct amount of fuel must be delivered to
meet power requirement, that us, injection
metering must be controlled.
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

HOWEVER, it is still not enough to deliver an

accurately metered amount of fuel at the
proper time to achieve good combustion.
Additional aspects are critical to ensure proper
fuel injection system performance:
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

Fuel atomization - ensuring that fuel atomizes into

very small fuel particles is a primary design
objective for diesel fuel injection systems. Small
droplets ensure that all the fuel has a chance to
vaporize and participate in the combustion process.
Any remaining liquid droplets burn very poorly or
are exhausted out of the engine.
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

Bulk mixing - While fuel atomization and

complete evaporation of fuel is critical,
ensuring that the evaporated fuel has sufficient
oxygen during the combustion process is
equally as important to ensure high
combustion efficiency and optimum engine
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

Air utilization - Effective utilization of the air

in the combustion chamber is closely tied to
bulk mixing and can be accomplished through
a combination of fuel penetration into the
dense air that is compressed in the cylinder and
dividing the total injected fuel into a number of
jets.
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

Start of injection (SOI) - is the time at which injection

of fuel into the combustion chamber begins. It is
usually expressed in crank angle degrees (CAD)
relative to TDC of the compression stroke.
Start of delivery - the start of delivery is the time
when the high pressure pump
End of injection (EOI) - is the time in the cycle when
fuel injection stops. starts to deliver fuel to the
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

Injected fuel quantity - is the amount of fuel

delivered to an engine cylinder per power stroke.
It is often expressed in mm /stroke or mg/stroke.
3

Injection duration - is the period of time during

which fuel enters the combustion chamber from
the injector. It is the difference between EOI and
SOI and is related to injection quantity.
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

Injection pattern - The rate of injection of fuel often

varies during the injection duration period. The figure
shows three common rate shapes: boot, ramp and
square. Opening rate and closing rate refers to the
gradients in the rate of injection during needle nozzle
opening and closing events, respectively.
 INJECTION TIMING AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES

Multiple injection events - While conventional

fuel injection systems employ a single injection
event for every engine cycle, newer systems can
use multiple injection events. The figure defines
some of the common terms used to describe
 Injector quality testing - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tA_E6X4ISgQ
 THROTTLE BODY ANALYSIS

Throttle body - an engine's power can be

increased or decreased by the restriction of
inlet gases by the use of a throttle.
 Throttle body - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmrvnZT4aDU
 Gas pedal - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smI2ijg4KcM
 IDLE AIR CONTROL

Idle air control system (IAC) used to

stabilize idle speed during cold engine and
after warm-up operations. Idle speed
stabilization is needed due to the effect
engine load changes has on emission output,
idle quality and vehicle driveability.
 IDLE AIR CONTROL

Idle air control valve The IAC system uses

an Idle air control valve to (IACV) that
regulates the volume of air bypassed around
the closed throttle.
 IDLE AIR CONTROL

Idle air control valve - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tLtbI9OfYc