Atrial Septal Defect

Jancolin Yani
UPH
20110710029
 1/1500 Live Birth
5-10% Congenital Heart Defects
Women > 2x than Man
Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

is a form of congenital heart
defects that enables blood
flow between the left and
right atria via the interatrial
septum.

The interatrial septum is the

tissue that divides the right
and left atria. Without this
septum, or if there is a defect
in this septum, it is possible
for blood to travel from the
left side of the heart to the
right side of the heart
 Types of Atrial Septal Defect

There are three major/common types

of ASD:

Secundum
Primum
Sinus venouses
 Types of Atrial Septal Defect
Secundum. This defect
is in the middle of the
atrial septum. It's the
most common form of
ASD. About 8 out of
every 10 babies born
with ASD have
secundum defects. At
least half of all
secundum ASD close on
their own. This is less
likely if the defect is
large.
Types of Atrial Septal Defect
Primum. This
defect is in the
lower part of the
atrial septum. It
often occurs
along with
abnormalities in
the heart valve
that connect the
upper and lower
heart chambers.
Primum defects
aren't very
common. This
type of defect
Sinus venosus. This defect is in the upper part of
the atrial septum, near where the superior vena
cava brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper
body to the right atrium. Sinus venosus is a rare
defect. Sinus venosus defects don't close on their
own.
 Radiologic Findings
Chest radiographs usually reveal the following findings:
Enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle may be
demonstrated.
Dilatation of the pulmonary artery and its branches may
be demonstrated.
Increased pulmonary vascular markings may be
demonstrated. In general pulmonary arterial
overcirculation is almost always noted.
The vascular pedicle (ascending aorta and arch and SVC
shadow) is small.
Left atrial dilatation is extremely rare (the left atrium is
decompressed by the ASD) but may be observed when
significant mitral regurgitation exists. The left ventricle is
normal.
 Atrial Septal Defect
The main pulmonary artery
(MPA) is grossly dilated.
The right pulmonary artery
(RPA) is also quite enlarged.
Right atrial enlargement is
seen as a shift of the cardiac
contour to the right of the
spine.
Pulmonary vascularity is
increased and prominent
end on vessels (End on) are
also seen.
Apex is upwards, suggesting
a right ventricular
enlargement.
 Kegagala
n Aliran ke
pembent atrium
ukan kanan
septum bertamba
h
Beban
kerja
atrium
dan
ventrikel
kanan
bertamba
h Pelebaran
Pembesaran arteri
atrium dan pulmonalis
ventrikel
kanan Penebalan
tunika intima
arteri
Pembesara
pulmonalis
n jantung
Reverse perifer
kanan Hipertensi
Coma
appearance pulmonal
Apex
jantung Retrosternal Peningkatan
naik space terisi tekanan
ventrikel
kanan
Pinggan
Pelebaran Eisenmenge
g
batas r Syndrome
jantung
kanan
menghil
jantung
ang
Kebocoran Pembesara
Sianosis bidirectional n atrium
kiri
 Manifestasi Klinis Atrial Septal Defect

Frequent symptoms:
Frequent pulmonary infection
Dispneu
Shortness of breath on activity
Palpitation
Poor growth

Notes:
Most atrial septal defects are diagnosed after a suspicious
murmur is detected during a routine health-maintenance
examination
 Eissenmenger
Syndrome
1. pulmonary
hypertension
2. reversal of flow
3. cyanosis

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a

mean pulmonary artery pressure of more
than 25 mm Hg at rest or more than 30
mm Hg during exercise
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