RANGKAIAN KELISTRIKAN

ARI WIBOWO
 Tenaga Kelistrikan Perkeretapian
Listrik Aliran Atas
Single Line Diagram
Komponen Substation : Transfomer,
Penyearah, CB, PMT,
CT/PT,Metering,Proteksi
Gardu Listrik dan Komunikasi Gardu
Listrik , Diagram Blok Substation,
Spesifikasi Teknis Gardu Listrik KRL
Diagram Alir Konversi Daya dan Arus
Hubung Singkat
 DEFINISI

Inpower engineering, aone-line

diagramorsingle-line diagram(SLD) is a
simplified notation for representing athree-
phasepower system.[1]The one-line diagram
has its largest application inpower flow
studies. Electrical elements such as circuit
breakers, transformers, capacitors,bus bars,
and conductors are shown by standardized
schematic symbols
 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (SLD) Or, ONE LINE DIAGRAM
The single-line diagram is the blueprint for electrical system analysis. It is
the first step in preparing a critical response plan, allowing you to
become thoroughly familiar with the electrical distribution system layout
and design in your facility.

WHY ITS REQUIRED?

Whether you have a new or existing facility, the single-line diagram is the
vital roadmap for all future
testing, service and maintenance activities. As such, the single-line diagram
is like a balance sheet for
your facility and provides a snapshot of your facility at a moment in time. It
needs to change as your
facility changes to ensure that your systems are adequately protected.

An up-to-date single-line diagram is vital for a variety of service

activities including:
1. Short circuit calculations
2. Coordination studies
3. Load flow studies
4. Safety evaluation studies
5. All other engineering studies
6. Electrical safety procedures
7. Efficient maintenance
WHAT SHOULD BE IN A SINGLE LINE
DIAGRAM (SLD)?
1. Incoming lines showing voltage and size;
2. Power transformers (rating, winding connection and grounding
means);
3. Relays (function, use and type);
4. Current and / or potential transformers with size, type and ratio;
5. Critical equipment voltage and size (UPS, battery, generator,
power distribution, transfer;
6. A summary load schedule for the LT switchgear panel;
7. A load schedule for each distribution panels and switch board.
 Single-Busbar Arrangement with one Main Power
Transformer

The following figure shows the

principle of the solution utilizing
only one power transformer and a
single-busbar configuration on
the medium-voltage side. The
dotted line on the high-voltage
side marks for the optional by-
pass disconnector placement
enabling the HV circuit breaker
service.

Advantages:
simple and low investment cost solution
control and protection functions straight forward

Drawbacks:
no redundancy
whole substation out of service while power transformer (and
HV circuit breaker) out of service
fault in the MV busbar would take the whole substation out of
service
 Single-Busbar Arrangement with Bus Sectionalizer and Two
Power Transformers

The following figure shows the single-

busbar arrangement having a dedicated
transfer bus. By utilizing the transfer bus
and the bus coupler, each feeder circuit
breaker can be de-energized for service
without any effect to the load. The
transfer bus does not have the facility for
load-sharing since only one feeder bay is
allowed to be connected to it at a time.

Advantages:
redundancy, in case one power transformer can carry the whole load
increased operational flexibility
fault in the busbar would be limited to one section only
limitation of short circuit currents while bus sectionalizer is open
disturbances caused by a fault in the outgoing feeder is seen only with half of the other
outgoing feeders

Drawbacks:
higher investment cost
higher no-load losses as compared to solution with one power transformer with equal
capacity
paralleling of the power transformers needs additional control logic
 Single-Busbar Arrangement with Transfer
Bus The following figure shows the
single-busbar arrangement
having a dedicated transfer bus.
By utilizing the transfer bus and
the bus coupler, each feeder
circuit breaker can be de-
energized for service without
any effect to the load. The
transfer bus does not have the
facility for load-sharing since
only one feeder bay is allowed
Advantages: to be connected to it at a time.
maintenance on one circuit breaker does not cause any interruptions
for the load

Drawbacks:
higher investment cost
whole substation out of service in a busbar fault case
protection and auto-reclosing circuits have to be switched over to
the bus coupler bay during a transfer situation
interlocking circuits to prevent more than one bay to be connected
to the transfer bus simultaneously
 Double-Busbar Arrangement
The following figure shows the
double-busbar arrangement. In a
typical operation mode. this type of
configuration would have the bus
coupler open and line and
transformer feeders equally shared
between the busses. The bus coupler
enables the feeder switching
between the busses without load
interruption. This configuration needs
advanced interlocking circuits to
prevent forbidden operations like
doing bus coupling using any other
Advantages: bay than bus coupler bay.
operational flexibility i.e. possibility to move loads between busses
effect of a busbar fault limited
limitation of short circuit currents if operated bus coupler open
substation extension possible under service
Drawbacks:
complicated interlocking
whole bay out of service when circuit breaker under maintenance
bus voltage reference needs a selection circuit
busbar protection and breaker failure protection need a selection circuit
 Double-Breaker Arrangement
The following figure shows the
double-breaker arrangement.
In a typical operation mode,
this type of a configuration
would have all the breakers
closed. This configuration
needs advanced protection
and auto-reclosing circuits. In
some cases, the transformer
feeders are equipped with one
breaker only, thus the power
Advantages:
transformers are permanently
busbar fault does not disturb service connected to a dedicated bus.
circuit breaker maintenance can be carried out Normally, there is no need to
without load interruption have a special bus coupler
substation extension possible under service bay included, since the bus
con-nection is realized
Drawbacks: through line feeder (and
transformer feeder) bays.
high investment cost
Current measurement is
complicated protection and auto-reclosing circuits carried out for each of the
protected object current has to be summated branches separately.
from the two breaker branches
current transformer nominal current selection
based on bus connection conditions and circuit
breakers nominal currents
 H-bus Arrangement

The following figure

shows one example of
the so-called H-bus
arrangements. There
are many variations
of this basic
arrangement where
the number of
breakers and their
location vary. Based
Advantages: on the actual selected
offers limited operational flexibility and configuration, the
redundancy at low cost protection schemes
compact design with low space are chosen as a result
requirements of the network
can be originally built with one power topology.
transformer with a provision for a second one

Drawbacks:
Extensions accommodating more lines or
power transformers are difficult
 ATS the automatic transfer logic
provides the decision-making for
what
automatic operations are to
happen, and when. It controls
the operation of the two transfer
circuit breakers, CB-UM and
CB-GM, and receives status
inputs from those breakers.
It also
can initiate generator startup for
the alternate power source

Undervoltage (device 27) and negative sequence

voltage (device 47) relays on each power source give
the transfer logic indication of their condition.
In addition, a frequency relay (device 81) is
present forfrequency indication of the alternate
power source.
Voltage transformers, or VTs, step the system
voltages down to instrumentation levels that can be
used by these relays. A user interface allows the
adjustment of certain operating parameters of the
system, and updates the user onthe status of the
system.
This alternative has the
advantage that the battery
capacitance acts as a filter
and reduces the electrical
noise on the DC bus and
limits
interference into associated
electronic and communication
systems.
Figure 125 V DC system key
diagram
All breakers normally closed
except those marked NO
indicates optional or
alternative features
Fuse may be substituted for
circuit breakers for any or all
circuits except where transfer
switching is required
A third example is
shown in figure 3,
which is an example
of a dual supply and
dual battery AC and
DC power supply
arrangement. For a
small hydroelectric
generating station,
AC and DC
distribution supply
is used. However,
the transfer switch
arrangements shown
between the chargers
and the two batteries
in this example, which
allow either charger
to charge either
battery, are less
230 VAC UPS SYSTEM
 SINGLE LINE
SUPPLY
INSTALASI CNG
 Tipe Tipe Baterai, kalkulasi Jumlah;
Genset, Rating;
Grounding;
Peenangkal Petir;
 Circuit Breaker
1. MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
2. MCCB ( Mold Case Circuit Breaker)
3. ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)
4. ACB ( Air Circuit Breaker)
5. OCB (Oil Circuit Breaker)
6. VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)
7. NCB (No Fuse Circuit Breaker)
8. SF6CB (Sulfur Circuit Beraker)
Current Transformer
 Gambar/ Foto CT
600V
2000A
12-
40KV
2500A

36-
550KV
4000A
5-
25KV
4000A