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ARI WIBOWO
Tenaga Kelistrikan Perkeretapian
Listrik Aliran Atas
Single Line Diagram
Komponen Substation : Transfomer,
Penyearah, CB, PMT,
CT/PT,Metering,Proteksi
Gardu Listrik dan Komunikasi Gardu
Listrik , Diagram Blok Substation,
Spesifikasi Teknis Gardu Listrik KRL
Diagram Alir Konversi Daya dan Arus
Hubung Singkat
DEFINISI
Advantages:
simple and low investment cost solution
control and protection functions straight forward
Drawbacks:
no redundancy
whole substation out of service while power transformer (and
HV circuit breaker) out of service
fault in the MV busbar would take the whole substation out of
service
Single-Busbar Arrangement with Bus Sectionalizer and Two
Power Transformers
Advantages:
redundancy, in case one power transformer can carry the whole load
increased operational flexibility
fault in the busbar would be limited to one section only
limitation of short circuit currents while bus sectionalizer is open
disturbances caused by a fault in the outgoing feeder is seen only with half of the other
outgoing feeders
Drawbacks:
higher investment cost
higher no-load losses as compared to solution with one power transformer with equal
capacity
paralleling of the power transformers needs additional control logic
Single-Busbar Arrangement with Transfer
Bus The following figure shows the
single-busbar arrangement
having a dedicated transfer bus.
By utilizing the transfer bus and
the bus coupler, each feeder
circuit breaker can be de-
energized for service without
any effect to the load. The
transfer bus does not have the
facility for load-sharing since
only one feeder bay is allowed
Advantages: to be connected to it at a time.
maintenance on one circuit breaker does not cause any interruptions
for the load
Drawbacks:
higher investment cost
whole substation out of service in a busbar fault case
protection and auto-reclosing circuits have to be switched over to
the bus coupler bay during a transfer situation
interlocking circuits to prevent more than one bay to be connected
to the transfer bus simultaneously
Double-Busbar Arrangement
The following figure shows the
double-busbar arrangement. In a
typical operation mode. this type of
configuration would have the bus
coupler open and line and
transformer feeders equally shared
between the busses. The bus coupler
enables the feeder switching
between the busses without load
interruption. This configuration needs
advanced interlocking circuits to
prevent forbidden operations like
doing bus coupling using any other
Advantages: bay than bus coupler bay.
operational flexibility i.e. possibility to move loads between busses
effect of a busbar fault limited
limitation of short circuit currents if operated bus coupler open
substation extension possible under service
Drawbacks:
complicated interlocking
whole bay out of service when circuit breaker under maintenance
bus voltage reference needs a selection circuit
busbar protection and breaker failure protection need a selection circuit
Double-Breaker Arrangement
The following figure shows the
double-breaker arrangement.
In a typical operation mode,
this type of a configuration
would have all the breakers
closed. This configuration
needs advanced protection
and auto-reclosing circuits. In
some cases, the transformer
feeders are equipped with one
breaker only, thus the power
Advantages:
transformers are permanently
busbar fault does not disturb service connected to a dedicated bus.
circuit breaker maintenance can be carried out Normally, there is no need to
without load interruption have a special bus coupler
substation extension possible under service bay included, since the bus
con-nection is realized
Drawbacks: through line feeder (and
transformer feeder) bays.
high investment cost
Current measurement is
complicated protection and auto-reclosing circuits carried out for each of the
protected object current has to be summated branches separately.
from the two breaker branches
current transformer nominal current selection
based on bus connection conditions and circuit
breakers nominal currents
H-bus Arrangement
Drawbacks:
Extensions accommodating more lines or
power transformers are difficult
ATS the automatic transfer logic
provides the decision-making for
what
automatic operations are to
happen, and when. It controls
the operation of the two transfer
circuit breakers, CB-UM and
CB-GM, and receives status
inputs from those breakers.
It also
can initiate generator startup for
the alternate power source
36-
550KV
4000A
5-
25KV
4000A