Basic Computer

Fundamentals
What Is a Computer?
A computer is a programmable machine
with two principal characteristics:
Computer.. Latin word.. Compute
Calculation Machine
It responds to a specific set of instructions in
a well-defined manner.
It can execute a prerecorded list of
instructions (a program).
A computer system includes a computer,
peripheral devices, and software
Introductions to Computer
A computer has four (4)
functions:

a. accepts data Input

b. processes data
Processing

c. produces output Output

d. stores results
Four Functions:
Input (Data):
is the raw information entered into a computer from the
input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers,
images etc.
Process:
is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is
totally internal process of the computer system.
Output:
is the processed data given by computer after data
processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save
these results in the storage devices for the future use.
Storage:
is the area where data can be left on a permanent
basis.
Elements of A Computer
People:
They run and operate the computer.
Procedure:
are normally written in manuals of hardware
and software manufacturers.
Software:
is to do process data into useful information for
people.
Hardware:
the physical equipment that you can feel and
touch.
Elements of A Computer
Data:
include texts and numbers, sounds, images,
and videos that you input into the computer
for processing.
Connectivity:
- a computer must be connected to other
computers especially through the internet.
- using the internet, people can share and
access data from all over the world.
 Capabilities of

Computers
Speed:
computer operates on data and commands at incredibly fast
speed.
Storage:
computer can store enormous amount of data and information
in its memory.
Reliability:
computers made of modern technology rarely breakdown and
when they do, they are easily repaired.
Consistent:
if you input the same data into the computer using the same
program, it will give you the same result all the time.
Communicate:
people can connect with others by the use of computers.
Ten Commandments of
Computer Ethics
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
Thou shalt not interfere with other peoples computer work.
Thou shalt not snoop around in other peoples files.
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not
paid.
Thou shalt not use other peoples computer resources without
authorization.
Thou shalt not appropriate other peoples intellectual.
Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the
program you write.
Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration
and respect.
Disadvantages of using Computers
Safety and Security:
people have to be careful in sharing photos and
personal information on the computer and internet.

Health Risks:
long and improper use of the computer can lead to
injuries and hazards to the user.

Environment:
old computers must be disposed off properly.
Disadvantages of using Computers
Use of Power:
computers need electricity to run. Computers
only need a small amount of electric power but
with many computers around, this results to high
total requirement.

Privacy Violation:
personal information when stored in a computer
can be viewed and stolen.
Software

Software exists as ideas,

concepts, and symbols, but it has no
substance.
- are sets of instructions that
tell the computer what to do to fulfill
its task.
Kinds of Software
System Software:
- are programs that the computer uses.
- is a collection of programs which includes the
operating system, utilities and drivers.
o Operating System:

is a program that is basically responsible for the

coordination, management and sharing of hardware
resources and tasks in the computer.
o Utility Software:

is a program that performs maintenance tasks for the

computer resources, such as clean up and organizing files and
programs so they would load and work faster.
Kinds of Software
o Device Driver:
is a program that allows a particular hardware device to work
and with the computer system.
Applications Software:
are the programs that people use for their day to day tasks on
the computer
o Basic application software:
includes word processor, spreadsheet, database and
presentation software.
o Specialized application software:
includes software for graphics, multimedia, audio, video, web
designing and many other app. that focus on a certain
discipline or profession.