Professional Documents
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DALAM
KEHAMILAN
Pembimbing:
Dr. Indrawan Ekomurtomo, Sp.
OG
Disusun Oleh:
Kharina Novialie
030.07.135
PENDAHULUAN
Hipertensi pada wanita hamil
mengenai 10-15% pada primigravida
dan 2-5% pada multigravida.
Hipertensi Kronik
Preeklampsia-Eklampsia
Hipertensi Gestasional
Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on
High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy, 2001, Am Fam Physician, 64:263-70.
HIPERTENSI DALAM
KEHAMILAN
A. Hipertensi B. Hipertensi C. Hipertensi dan
Gestasional dan Gestasional dan Proteinuria yang
atau Proteinuria Penyakit Ginjal Tidak Terklasifikasi
Kronis (hipertensi dan
atau proteinuria
Hipertensi Hipertensi kronik
yang ditemukan
gestasional tanpa tanpa proteinuria
proteinuria
pada)
Penyakit ginjal
Pemeriksaan 1x setelah
Proteinuria kronis (proteinuria UK 20 minggu pada
gestasional tanpa dengan atau wanita tanpa hipertensi
hipertensi tanpa hipertensi) kronik atau penyakit
ginjal
Preeklampsia Hipertensi kronik
Selama kehamilan atau
(hipertensi+protei dengan persalinan atau post-
nuria gestasional) superimposed partum, di mana sulit
preeklampsia untuk diklasifikasikan
karena data yang
kurangon Management.
Baker PN, Kingdom JCP. PRE-ECLAMPSIA: Current Perspective
New York: The Parthenon Publisihing Group. 2004; p.g 11-2.
HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS
IN PREGNANCY
Primary Diagnosis Definition of Preeclampsia
Pre-existing Hypertension
With comorbid conditions
With preeclampsia Resistant hypertension or
(after 20 weels gestations) New or Worsening
proteinuria or One/more
adverse conditions
Gestational
Hypertension
With comorbid New proteinuria or
conditions One/more adverse
With preeclampsia conditions
(after 20 weels
gestations)
Diagnosis, Evaluation,and Management of the Hypertensive
Disorders of Pregnancy. 2008, Society of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists of Canada, vol 3:30.
Severe preeclampsia corresponds to preeclampsia: with
onset before 34 weeks gestation, with heavy
proteinuria (35 g/d according to other international
guidelines), or with one or more adverse conditions.
*Other adverse conditions consist of maternal symptoms
*Other adverse conditions consist of maternal symptoms
(persistent or new/unusual headache, visual disturbances,
persistent abdominal or right upper quadrant pain, severe
nausea or vomiting, chest pain or dyspnea), maternal signs of
end-organ dysfunction (eclampsia, severe hypertension,
pulmonary edema, or suspected placental abruption),
abnormal maternal laboratory testing (elevated serum
creatinine [according to local laboratory criteria]; elevated
AST, ALT or LDH [according to local laboratory criteria] with
symptoms; platelet count <100x109/L; or serum albumin < 20
g/L), or fetal morbidity (oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth
restriction, absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the
umbilical artery by Doppler velocimetry, or intrauterine fetal
death).
*Comorbid conditions, such as type I or II diabetes
mellitus, renal disease, or an indication for
antihypertensive therapy outside pregnancy.
HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS IN
PREGNANCY
Obesity
Arterial abnormalities
Renovascular hypertension
Coarctation of the aorta
Endocrine disorders
Diabetes mellitus
Cushing syndrome
Primary aldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
Thyrotoxicosis
Glomerulonephritis (acute and chronic)
Renoprival hypertension
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Chronic renal insufficiency
Diabetic nephropathy
Genetic,immunologic
and inflammatory
factors Noxious Agents:
cytokines, lipid
peroxidase
Reduced utero-placental
vasospasm perfusion
KERUSAKAN
SEL PERMEABILITA
GLOMERULUS/ S MEMBRAN
GFR MENURUN BASALIS >>
NEKROSIS
PROTEINURI
TUBULUS KEBOCORAN A
GINJAL
Elektrolit
Tekanan Osmotik Koloid Plasma
GAMBARAN KLINIK
PREEKLAMPSIA RINGAN
*setelah
kehamilan
20 minggu
*setelah
kehamila
PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT n 20
minggu
+ gejala-gejala subjektif
berupa nyeri kepala hebat,
gangguan visus, muntah-
muntah, nyeri epigastrium
dan kenaikan progresif
tekanan darah.
EKLAMPSIA
HIPERTENSI KRONIK
SINDROMA HELLP ...
Didahului tanda-tanda dan
gejala yang tidak khas: malaise,
lemah, nyeri kepala, mual,
muntah
Adanya tanda dan gejala
preeklampsia
Tanda-tanda hemolisis
intravaskular: kenaikan LDH,
AST dan bilirubin indirek.
Trombositopenia (kadar
trombosit 150.000/ml)
DIAGNOSIS
PENATALAKSANAAN
MEDIKAMENTOSA
Pemberian obat antihipertensi dibagi
menjadi:5
Terapi akut:
Vasodilatasi arteriol hidralazine
-blocker labetalol
Calcium channel bocker nifedipin
Terapi maintenance
Inhibitor adrenergik sentral
metildopa
Calcium channel bocker nifedipin
-blocker atenolol, labetalol
PREEKLAMPSIA RINGAN
MEDIKAMENTOSA4
Pada kehamilan preterm (<37
minggu), bila tekanan darah
mencapai normotensi selama
perawatan, persalinannya ditunggu
sampai aterm.
Sementara pada kehamilan aterm, persalinan
ditunggu sampai terjadi onset persalinan atau
dipertimbangkan untuk melakukan induksi
persalinan pada taksiran tanggal persalinan.
PERAWATAN OBSTETRIK
PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT
Sikap terhadap penyakit dan terapi
medikamentosa
Berdasarkan journal Obstetric and
Gynaecology Canada 2008, pemberian obat
antihipertensi pada tekanan darah sistolik
>160 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik 110
mmHg adalah
Manajemen aktif dimana
kehamilan diakhiri setiap
saat bila keadaan
hemodinamika sudah
stabil.1,4
Prognosis
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1) Prawirohardjo S, Wiknjosastro H, dkk. Ilmu Kebidanan. Edisi
Keempat. Jakarta: PT Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo. 2008;
530-61.
2) Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program
Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy, 2001, Am Fam
Physician, 64:263-70.
3) Baker PN, Kingdom JCP. PRE-ECLAMPSIA: Current Perspective on
Management. New York: The Parthenon Publisihing Group. 2004;
p.g 11-2.
4) Diagnosis, Evaluation,and Management of the Hypertensive
Disorders of Pregnancy. 2008, Society of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists of Canada, vol 3:30.
5) Alarm International: A Program to reduce Maternal Mortality and
Morbidity. 2nd
nd Edition. Ottawa: Society of Obstetricians and
2005.
TERIMA KASIH