Foundation Components

Footing

Footings & Foundations

Foundation Components

(to attach wood stud sill plate)

(moves water away

from building)

(to keep water off of foundation wall)

(separates slab from foundation wall)

(to keep water off of slab)

(moves water away from building) (to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)

Footings & Foundations

Foundation Types

Footings & Foundations

Site Preparation

Remove trees and any debris

Remove top soil (4-6 below surface)

Footings & Foundations

Site Layout

Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete

Layout building perimeter
Use batter boards
Establish building corners & building perimeter
Use surveying instruments

Footings & Foundations

Excavation

Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards

Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter
Dont excavate inside soil if slab on grade
If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse
If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring

Footings & Foundations

Pour Footings

Construct formwork (if required)

Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings
(protrudes above footing to tie-into foundation wall)
Pour concrete footings

Smooth / finish surface

Footings & Foundations

Pour Slab on Grade

Install gravel base (to keep water off of slab)

Install moisture barrier (to keep water off of slab)
Install reinforcement (welded wire fabric)
Pour concrete slab
Finish slab surface

Footings & Foundations

Pour Concrete Foundation Walls

Construct formwork (include sleeves / doors / windows)

Install reinforcement into formwork
Pour concrete foundation wall
Install anchor bolts into semi-cured concrete

Footings & Foundations

Pour Concrete Foundation Walls

Allow concrete to cure adequately (7-10 days)

Strip forms
Apply waterproofing
Install perimeter drain tile
Backfill

Footings & Foundations

Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls

Allow concrete footing to properly cure

Install first course of concrete block on bed of mortar
Continue to lay block on top of first course until desired
height reached
Install horizontal reinforcement as courses proceed

Footings & Foundations

Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls

Install vertical reinforcement at significant heights

Install grout into cells with vertical reinforcement
Tool joints and clean masonry
Install waterproofing

Footings & Foundations

Rules of Thumb

Footing shall be below frost line

Footing width usually 2x height
Typical size (24 wide x 12 tall)
Rebar is usually 3 from edge of concrete
Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation along the
interior face of the foundation wall

Footings & Foundations