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MOTION
Prepared by:
Physics Department
Distance and displacement
Linear motion
- motion along a straight line path
Distance
- the total path length travelled from one location to
another
Displacement
- the distance between two locations measured along
the shortest part connecting them, in specific direction
TOWN X TOWN Y
KEY:
Distance
Displacement
Difference between distance and displacement
Distance Displacement
The total distance of the path The distance of an object
which is travelled in a fixed
travelled by and object direction
Vector quantity
Scalar quantity
Equation:
SI unit for distance
and displacement:
metre (m)
X Y Z
200 m 200 m
displacement, s(m)
velocity
time, t(s)
Different between speed and
velocity
Speed Velocity
Rate of change of distance Rate of change of displacement
Speed = distance Velocity = displacement
time time
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
EQUATION
SI unit : metres per second (m s-1)
Example
Figure below shows the path travelled by a cyclist. He
started his journey from O, moved
SOLUTION : a distance of 150 m to
east towards A and then moved a distance 200 m to North
towards B. TheOA 150m,
cyclist tookAB 200m,
about t complete
25 s to 25s his
journey.
(a) Total distance
Determine: 150m 200m 350 m
B (a) total distance
(b) Displaceme
(b) nt 150 2
200 2
the displacement from O
(c) the average speed of the
250 m
cyclist
(d) the average
350m velocity of
(c) Average speed thecyclist 14m s -1
O A
25s
250m 1
(d) Average velocity 10m s
25s
Acceleration and deceleration
Acceleration
- The rate of change of velocity
- It can be written as
change of velocity
Acceleration
time taken
final velocity, v - initial velocity, u
time taken, t
v-u
or a
t
- It is a vector quantity
- SI unit: metre per second per second , m s-2
- Acceleration is positive.if velocity increases with time
- Acceleration is negativeif velocity decreases with time
.called as deceleration or retardation
Example
A stationary car achieves a velocity of 40 m/s in 10 seconds. Calculate
the acceleration of the car. [assume that the acceleration of the car is
uniform throughout the journey]
change of velocity
Acceleration
time taken
final velocity, v - initial velocity, u
time taken, t
v-u
a
t
40m s -1 - 0m s -1
4m s - 2
10s
TICKER - TIMER
Is a device used to study motion in a short time interval
It is connected to alternating current (a.u) power supply of
frequency 50 HZ
When it is turned on,the iron strip will vibrate at 50 times per
second.
The time interval between two adjacent dot is 1/50s or 0.02 s
A ticker-tape records:
(a) the distance and displacement
(b) the time interval
the acceleration can be determine as shown :
from the tape chart, the total
(a) initial velocity, u
displaceme
4.0 cm nt and velocity
20cm s
-1
can be0.2s
determine
(b) final velocity, v
(a) total displacement
14 cm
46 70cm
8 10s -1 12 14
0.2
(c) 54 cmof velocity v - u
change
(b) total time taken, t70 -1.2
20 s
50cm s -1 s
(d)(c)time
the taken
average changevinvelocity
velocity,
for the
t
time interval between the 1 and 6 th
st
54cm
(6 - 1) x 0.2s 1.0 s
(e) therefore, acceleration, a 1.2s
50cm s -1 -1
50cm s -2 45 cm s
1.0s
Example
1 t = time interval
s ut at 2
s = displacement
2
a = acceleration
v 2
u 2
2as
1
s u v t
2 Have to memorize
it
Example
A car begins to move from rest and accelerates with an
acceleration of 12 m s-2 for 10s. Calculate the distance
travelled.
solution :
u 0, a 12 m s , t 10s, s ?
-2
1 2
s ut at
2
1
s 0 12 10
2
2
600m
THE END