ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY
The energy required to operate appliances,
gadgets, and machines, to name a few.
(manmade devices)
Also demonstrated by lightning and the
motion of living organisms which is made
possible by electrical signals sent between
cells.
 Electricity causes movement
of electrons
Invisible force that provides:
light, heat, sound, motion . . .
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
Electricity is the result of the
presence and flow of electric charge.
It is a secondary energy source which
means that we get it from the
conversion of other sources of
energy, like coal, natural gas, oil,
nuclear power and other natural
sources, which are called primary
sources.
In order to
understand how
electric charge
moves from one
atom to another,
we need to know
something about
atoms
Everything in the universe is made of
atoms
Atoms are so small that millions of
them would fit on the head of a pin.
There are other smaller particles than
atoms, which are inside of them.
ATOMS:
Are made out by three basic small
particles:
Protons: carry a positive charge. (+)
Neutrons: carry a neutral or no charge.(0)
*Protons and Neutrons join together to form
the Nucleus, which is in the central part of the atom.
Electrons: carry a negative charge, and surrounds
the nucleus. (-)
 HOW IT WORKS?
The electrons in the shells closest to
the nucleus have a strong force of
attraction to the protons.
Sometimes, the electrons in the
outermost shells do not. These
electrons can be pushed out of their
orbits. Applying a force can make
them move from one atom to
another. These moving electrons are
electricity.
ELECTRON
FLOW
Electricity is created as electrons
collide and transfer from atom to
atom.

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Electric
Charge
These charges interact to
create an electrical force.
Like charges produce repulsive
forces.
Unlike charges produce
attractive forces.
The interactions between charges
are summarized in this law:

Electrostatic Law
Like charges repel and unlike
charges attract.
Electrostatic Charge
The charge on an ion
Electrons move from atom to atom to
create ions.
An object becomes electrostatically charged by:
Friction ,which transfers electrons between two
objects in contact
Contact with a charged body which results in
the transfer of electrons
Induction which produces a charge
redistribution of electrons in a material
(A) A neutral atom has no
net charge because the
numbers of electrons and
protons are balanced. (B)
removing an electron
produces a net positive
charge; the charged atom
is called a positive ion. (C)
the addition of an electron
produces a net negative
charge and a negative ion.
Ideally, the amount of charge lost is
equal to the amount of charge
gained.

Law of Conservation of
Charge
Charges cannot be created nor destroyed,
but can be transferred from one material
to another.
The total charge in a system must remain
constant.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
Identify the conductors and insulators

Conductors Insulators
 Conductors Insulators

Electrons flow easily Electron flow is difficult

between atoms between atoms

Examples: Silver, Copper, Examples: Mica, Glass,

Gold, Aluminum Quartz
ELECTRICAL
CIRCUIT
A system of conductors and components
forming a complete path for current to
travel.

Properties of an electrical circuit include

Voltage Volts V
Current Ampere A
Resistance Ohms
CURRENT
The flow of electric charge
- measured in AMPERES (A)

Tank (Battery) Faucet (Switch)

Pipe (Wiring)

When the faucet (switch) is off,

is there any flow (current)?
NO
When the faucet (switch) is on,
is there any flow (current)?
YES
CURRENT IN A
CIRCUIT

off on

When the switch is off, there is no current.

When the switch is on, there is current.
VOLTAGE The force (pressure) that causes
current to flow
- measured in VOLTS (V)

Tank (Battery) Faucet (Switch)

Pipe (Wiring)

When the faucet (switch) is off, is there any pressure (voltage)?

YES Pressure (voltage) is pushing against the pipe, tank, and
the faucet.
When the faucet (switch) is on, is there any pressure (voltage)?
YES Pressure (voltage) pushes flow (current) through the
system.
VOLTAGE IN A CIRCUIT

off on

The battery provides voltage that will push

current through the bulb when the switch is on.
RESISTANCE
The opposition of current flow
- measured in Ohms ()

Tank (Battery) Faucet (Switch)

Pipe (Wiring)

What happens to the flow (current) if a rock

gets lodged in the pipe?
Flow (current) decreases.
RESISTANCE IN A CIRCUIT
Resistor

off on

Resistors are components that create resistance.

Reducing current causes the bulb to become
more dim.
 MULTIMETER
An instrument used to measure the
properties of an electrical circuit, including
Voltage Volts
Current Amps
Resistance Ohms
 DISCHARGING
The process of removing excess
charges on an object.
When discharging is done by means of
providing a path between the charged
object and a ground, the process may
be referred grounding.
 ENERGY TRANSFER IN A
CIRCUIT
All electrical equipment and devices are based on
this process of transformation of electrical energy
into other forms of energy.
Flat Iron Electrical energy to thermal energy or heat
Electric fan Electrical energy to mechanical energy
Washing machine - Electrical energy to mechanical
energy
TYPES OF CIRCUIT
SERIES
CIRCUITS
A circuit that contains only one path for
Ifcurrent
the path flow
is open anywhere in the circuit,
current stops flowing to all components.
PARALLEL CIRCUITS

A circuit that contains more than one

path for current flow
If a component is removed, then it is possible
for the current to take another path to reach
other components.
COMBINATION CIRCUITS
Contain both series and parallel
arrangements

What would happen if you removed

light 1? light 2? light 3?

2 3
Check your understanding!
According to this law, charges cannot be
created nor destroyed, but can be
transferred from one material to another.

Law of Conservation of
Charges
 Check your understanding!

The flow of electric charge is called _____.

CURRENT
Check your understanding!

The process of removing excess

charges on an object.

DISCHARGING
Check your understanding!

The force (pressure) that causes

current to flow.

VOLTAGE
Check your understanding!
A circuit that contains only one
path for current flow

SERIES CIRCUIT
Check your understanding!
Subatomic particles that carry a
positive charge. (+)

PROTONS
Check your understanding!
Subatomic particles that carry a
negative charge. (+)

ELECTRONS
Check your understanding!
A system of conductors and
components forming a complete
path for current to travel is called
___________.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
Check your understanding!
The opposition of current flow is
called _____________.

RESISTANCE
Check your understanding!
A circuit that contains more than
one path for current flow is called
______________.

PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Check your understanding!
An instrument used to measure the
properties of an electrical circuit.

MULTIMETER
End of Presentation