Shelton Learning Phonics through Read Alouds Reading aloud of children appears to be the single most important factor for building critical concepts about reading. (Dorn & Jones, 2012, Kindle edition p. 1004) In primary grades, read alouds provide students with demonstrations of hearing beginning, middle, and ending sounds Read alouds help students recognize language patterns that can help them decode words to read and write on their own. Why to use Dr. Seuss books for read alouds Dr. Seuss books are great for primary grades because they contain rhyming and word families. The books show great examples of CVC words, both real and nonsense. The books help model fluent and expressive reading. (Dorn & Jones, 2012, Kindle Edition p. 1018) Books promote an enjoyable experience Dr. Seuss wrote many of his early books as a playful way to help children learn phonics Dr. Seuss books offer a wealth of joyful and effective ways to learn sounds (Roberts & Scully, 2002, p.96). How phonics can be taught through Dr. Seuss books read alouds Students can listen for word families. When they hear words within a word family, they can give the teacher a thumbs up. Example from Hop on Pop- Cup on pup. Students can listen for words with a specific sound. When the students hear the specific type of word, the kids can touch their tummy. Example from Cat in the Hat (listening for short e sound in CVC words)- It was too wet to play. Students can listen for rhyming words. Teacher will stop after a page or two and ask what rhyming words the students heard. Example from Oh, The Places Youll Go!- Today is your day! Youre off to Great Places! Youre off and away! Learning Phonics through Shared Reading Shared reading should take place in a whole group or small group setting and with an enlarged print book Provides students with opportunities to problem- solve on word decoding Teacher will have the time to coach the students to the right pronunciation. Shared reading is an important part of whole to parts phonics instruction. It both demonstrates the reading process to children and establishes a basis for the phonics lessons to come, making the phonics lessons more memorable and, hence, more effective (Moustafa, 1997, p.451)*. * Taken from Brenda Parkes article Why to use Dr. Seuss books when Shared Reading Repeating the story provides a result of shared reading, students will improve their abilities to choose appropriate, interesting texts for independent reading, and developing literacy skills in the essential areas of phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency (Dorn & Jones, 2012, Kindle Edition p. 1074). The books used in shared reading are designed to enable the teacher to give explicit attention to words, parts of words, letter clusters, and individual letters as the opportunity arises in the authentic reading experience (Parkes, 2002, n.p.) Dr. Seuss books are known for nonsense words. These words are ones that need to be sounded out and can be through explicit attention from a teacher and/or reader How phonics can be taught through Dr. Seuss books during Shared Reading Students can learn about: Letter and letter sound relationships Through teacher helping students sound out words Example from Green Eggs and Ham- Help guide students to sounding out words in word families such as, Sam, am, ham Break down any of Dr. Seuss nonsense words to help the students sound out Words Matching printed words and spoken words Spelling of words Word configuration in sentences Phonemes Give the students the sounds of a word and see if they can figure the word out. Example from Theres a Wocket in my Pocket!- Guide the students to figure out the word pocket by using context clues. Then give students a hint that this word rhymes with pocket but it starts with the same sound that water starts with Learning Phonics through Guided Reading Guided reading should take place in a small group setting the teacher will work with students with similar instructional needs (Dorn and Jones p.49). Teacher prompts students to use reading strategies and only intervenes when a child is unable to problem solve on their own. The goal of guided reading is: to provide students with a toolbox of resources they can use to read a wide range of text with full comprehension (Dorn and Jones, 2012, p.49). The teacher uses this teaching strategy when students need guided support to practice and apply new phonics skills and concepts.* *Taken from the Literary Development Article Why to use Dr. Seuss Books in Guided Reading For a child to be able to read a book effectively, the book needs to contain more supportive features than challenging ones (Dorn and Jones, 2012, p.51). Dr. Seuss books typically are repetitive rhyming books. The rhymes (coupled with the illustrations) and the use of short CVC words are examples of supportive features. How phonics can be taught through Dr. Seuss books during Guided Reading The teacher will sit down with the students and talk about the book prior to the students beginning to read If reading Hop on Pop the teacher would ask What do you think this book will be about? or What do you notice in the illustrations? The teacher will discuss frequently encountered words, have the students predict the beginning or ending of words, and have the students make rhymes. The students will read Hop on Pop aloud. Throughout the reading the teacher will help the children apply problem solving strategies they will look at the rhymes (at, cat, sat or mother, other, brother, etc.), they will practice chunking words, look at sound sequences, etc. The students will then have a discussion about the book after finishing their reading. The teacher can even use some of the rhyming words from the book (up, cup, pup) and have the children create their own sentences using these words. Learning Phonics through Independent Reading Beginning readers should have many opportunities to read books at their independent level. Volume reading of a wide variety of texts builds childrens background knowledge, increases their vocabulary, and allows them to practice strategies on texts within their control (Dorn and Jones, 2012, p.36). Part of our instructional day should be devoted to students reading independently. This time offers students the valuable practice we know all learners need. Independent reading allows students to have the time to apply all they know about reading to books of their choosing (Morgan et al p.16). We need to allow our students the time to work on their phonics skills, to practice independently. Why to use Dr. Seuss Books in Independent Reading reading familiar texts can play a supportive role in promoting early reading behavior. Familiar texts gives [the students] opportunities to integrate cues and apply strategies in a known context (Dorn and Jones, 2012, p.35). Dr. Seuss books are widely known among children. Many children are familiar with these books before coming to school. Using these books during independent reading time will allow the students to work on their cues and strategies on their own. According to Dorn and Jones (2012) the only selection material for choosing books for independent reading are that: the children be familiar with the texts and that they enjoy reading them (p.36). Dr. Seuss books are extremely popular with young children. The children will be familiar with them and definitely will enjoy reading them. How phonics can be taught through Dr. Seuss books during Independent Reading The teacher will preselect the Dr. Seuss books for the students (to match with their reading level). Some of the best books for teaching phonics would be Hop on Pop, The Cat in the Hat, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish, Fox in Sox, and Theres a Wocket in my Pocket. These books will help to develop the childrens phonics skillsthey have many decodable CVC words, rhyming words, etc. The teacher can do a minilesson with the students (and discuss some of the words that will be encountered and the phonics strategies that will be used) and then allow each of the students to select their Dr. Seuss books and read independently. After the students have finished their independent reading time, they will each get a chance to share about their readingthey can talk about their book and the strategies that they used to help them during reading. References Dorn, L. J., & Jones, T. (2012). Apprenticeship in literacy: Transitions across reading and writing, K-4 (2nd ed). Portland, ME: Stenhouse. Moustafa, M. (1997). Beyond Traditional Phonics: Research Discoveries and Reading Instruction. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann. Parkes, B. (2002). Using Shared Reading for Implicit and Explicit Instruction. HEC, Early Literacy Course, Part 4. Retrieved May 27, 2015, from http://www-tc.pbs.org/teacherline/courses/rdla145/docs/elp4sharedread.pdf Literary Teaching Guide: Phonics NSW Department of Education and Training Learning and Development (2009) https://my.vanderbilt.edu/specialeducationinduction/files/2011/09/1-Literacy -teaching-guide-phonics.pdf Denise N. Morgan, Maryann Mraz, Nancy D. Padak, and Timothy Rasinski. (2009). Independent Reading: Practical Strategies for Grades K-3 Guilford Publications. Dr. Seuss books that were referenced Hop on Pop Oh, The Places Youll Go! Green Eggs and Ham Cat in the Hat Theres a Wocket in my Pocket! One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish Fox in Sox