Construction/Building

Materials

Prepared by:
OUATTARA B Issouf
Content
Building Materials

Lime
Aggregates
Sand
Stones
Mortar
Concrete
Timber
Bamboo
Others
 Lime

It stiffens quickly.
It has low shrinkage.
It has good workability.
It has good resistant to moisture.
Lime possesses good plasticity.
 AGGREGATE
Uses, Types, Requirements,
Properties and Importance
 Aggregates
Definition - Aggregate is a type of
material used in construction,
including sand, gravel, crushed
stones etc.
Requirements of Good
Aggregates
It should be chemically inactive
It should be sufficiently strong
It should be durable
It should have rough surface
It should be of proper shape
It should have limited pores
The particles should be dispatched
as continuously as possible.
 Classification Classification
according to according to size
formation
Natural Fine Aggregates
Aggregates

Artificial Coarse
Aggregates Aggregates
Uses of Aggregates

In Concrete making,

In making Roads,

For laying Railways,

 Importance of
Aggregates
Aggregates are the literally the
foundation of our economy and society.
It is used in greater quantities than any
other natural resources.
 Sand
It is formed by natural decomposition or
disintegration of sand stone under action of
weather such as wind, rains, frost, etc.

Uses of Sand

1. Making lime mortar.

2. Making cement mortar.
3. Making cement concrete
4. Used for masonry work, plastering and
pointing works.
Stones
Used
in hydraulic structures like dams
and bridges.
in retaining wall masonry to
retain soil.
in road construction, in railways.
In many buildings for esthetic
 Mortar
Definition, Types,
Requirements, Properties
 Definition
Mortar= Binder + Sand + Water

Mortar is a workable paste

used to bind building blocks
such as stones, bricks,
and concrete masonry
units together, fill and seal the
irregular gaps between them,
and sometimes add
decorative colors or patterns
in masonry walls.
 Requirements
good workability to ease laying work and
improve quality of the joints
good water retentivity to prevent excessive
suction of water by bricks that have high initial
rate of absorption and retain sufficient water
required for hydration of cement
development of suitable early and final strength
offers water-tightness and durability to a wall
good adhesion or bond for bricks
 Properties

Water Retention
Air content
Uniformity
Workability
Durability
Bond Strength
 TYPES OF MORTAR AND
ITS USES:

Cement mortar:

The paste is prepared by mixing cement

and sand in suitable proportions in
addition to water.

USE-This type is used for all engineering

works where high strength is desired such
as load bearing walls, deep foundations,
flooring etc.
Lime mortar:
These mortars are inferior to cement
mortars in strength but cheaper

USE- This type is used for

construction work above ground level
i.e. exposed positions.
Fire resistant mortar:

USE-These are generally used

for lining furnaces, ovens and
fire places with fire bricks.
 Gypsum Mortar (Plaster)
In theses mortars, gypsum
cement are the binding materials.
These are rarely used in tough
construction and are used as
plasters.
Mud mortar:
The paste is prepared by
mixing suitable clayey soil with
water.
These are the cheapest
mortars but weakest in strength.

USE- These mortars are used

for brickwork of ordinary buildings
 Bricks
- Bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular
blocks of uniform size and then by drying and burning
these blocks.
 CONCRETE
Types, Uses, Requirements, Properties and
Importance
 Definition
Concrete= cement+water+aggregates +admixtures.
Concrete is often looked upon as man
made rock.

Portland
Cement
 Properties
Concrete has strength, durability, versatility, and
economy.
Resist to compression but not tension
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal
expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks.
With proper materials and techniques, concrete
can withstand many acids, silage, milk, manure,
fertilizers, water, fire, and abrasion.
Most structural uses, such as beams, slats, and
manure tank lids, involve reinforced concrete,
which depends on concrete's strength in
compression and steel's strength in tension.
Requirements of a good
concrete
The fundamental requirements of
hardened concrete are strength,
durability and economy.
Fresh concrete must be workable to
facilitate handling
 Uses
Concrete has many applications and is
used to make:
pavements,
pipes,
structures,
foundations,
roads,
bridges/overpasses,
walls and
footings for gates.
 Types
There are various types of concrete
for different applications that are
created by changing the proportions
of the main ingredients.
 Some Examples of
types of Concrete.
Lime concrete
Gypsum concrete
Light-Transmitting Concrete
Regular concrete
Pre-Mixed concrete
High-strength concrete
Stamped concrete
High-Performance concrete
UHPC (Ultra-High
Performance Concrete)
Self-consolidating concretes
Vacuum concretes
Shot concrete
Cellular concrete
Roller-compacted
concrete
Glass concrete
Asphalt concrete
Rapid strength concrete
Rubberized concrete
Polymer concrete
Geopolymer or Green
concrete
Pictures
Timber
The wood suitable for
construction of
buildings or for other
engineering purposes
is called timber.
 Use and importance of Timber

Used as posts, beams, lintels,

frame for doors and windows
Used in floorings, roofing,
ceilings etc.,
Used for interior decoration
purposes
Used for making furniture,
bridges, railway sleepers etc.,
PROPERTIES

Strength
Hardness
Density
Elasticity
Texture
Durability
Smell, etc.
 Requirements

Durable and effective.

Should not emit any offensive smell.
Fire-proof.
Poisonous for fungus, white ants and other
insects.
Cheap.
 Bamboo

Strength - Bamboo is an
extremelystrongnatura
l fibre, on par with
standard hardwoods,
when cultivated,
harvested, prepared and
stored properly.
Flexibility - Bamboo is
highly flexible.During
its growth, it may be
trained to grow in
unconventional shapes.
After harvest, it may be
bent and utilized in
archways and other
curved areas.
Earthquake-resistance -
It has a great capacity
for shock absorption,
which makes it
particularly useful in
Recap

Lime
Aggregates
Sand
Stones
Mortar
Concrete
Timber
Bamboo
Other materials
 Non-metallic materials
Bitumen (Asphalt)