Prof.

Renante C.
Rosero
Sir Bob
DRUGS
Registered
AND
Criminologist
VICE
CONTROL Master in
Development
Management
 General
History of
Drugs
 History
1887 isolated/synthesized amphetamine in
Germany
1912 Ecstasy was first developed by a German
Pharmaceutical Company
Ephedrine was discovered by a Japanese
Scientist
1919 discovered/synthesized
methamphetamine in Japan
Medicinal use as decongestant in 1930s
World War II
High level of abuse in early 60s and 70s
Mexican Trafficking
WW II: Meth = Marching
Pills

Pervitin Benzedrine

Pilophon
Some Illegal
Drugs were
previously
intended for
medicinal use
Philippine Drugs and Drug Abuse H
1 in every 29 Filipinos aged 10 44 is on dru

2004 (RA9165)
- DDB estimates 6.8 M users all over the
country

1999 (RA6425 - CANU)

- 1.8 M regular users and 1.6 M occasional
users
- 1.2 M represents the youth
1972
- only about 20,000 users nationwide mostly in Metro Manila
- marijuana was the preferred drug of abuse
Samar Cocaine Incident (2009)

Cheap cocaine from the

Philippines
PRESENT PREDICAMENT

Smuggling of cocaine out of the country

by transnational drug syndicate

Influx of shabu from

SEA countries
 Definition of Terms
Administer. Any act of introducing
any dangerous drug into the body of
any person, with or without his/her
knowledge, by injection, inhalation,
ingestion or other means, or of
committing any act of indispensable
assistance to a person in
administering a dangerous drug to
himself/herself unless administered
by a duly licensed practitioner for
purposes of medication.
 Definition of Terms
Centers. Any of the treatment and
rehabilitation centers for drug
dependents referred to in Section 75,
Article VIII of R.A. 9165.
Clandestine Laboratory. Any facility
used for the illegal manufacture of
any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential
chemical.
Confirmatory Test. An analytical
test using a device, tool or
 Definition of Terms
Chemical Diversion. The sale,
distribution, supply or transport of
legitimately imported, in-transit,
manufactured or procured controlled
precursors and essential chemicals,
in diluted, mixtures or in
concentrated form, to any person or
entity engaged in the manufacture of
any dangerous drug, and shall
include packaging, repackaging,
labeling, relabeling or concealment
of such transaction through fraud,
 Definition of Terms
Controlled Delivery. The
investigative technique of allowing
an unlawful or suspect consignment
of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential
chemical, equipment or
paraphernalia, or property believed
to be derived directly or indirectly
from any offense, to pass into,
through or out of the country under
the supervision of an authorized
 Definition of Terms
Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals. Include
those listed in Tables I and II of the
1988 UN Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances as
enumerated in the attached annex,
which is an integral part of R.A.
9165.

Cultivate or Culture. Any act of

 Definition of Terms
Dangerous Drugs. Include those
listed in the Schedules annexed to
the 1961 Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the
1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single
Convention on Psychotropic
Substances as enumerated in the
attached annex which is an integral
part of R.A. 9165.

Deliver. Any act of knowingly

 Definition of Terms
Den, Dive or Resort. A place
where any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential
chemical is administered,
delivered, stored for illegal
purposes, distributed, sold or used
in any form.

Dispense. Any act of giving away,

selling or distributing medicine or
any dangerous drug with or
 Definition of Terms
Drug Dependence. As based on
the World Health Organization
definition, it is a cluster of
physiological, behavioral and
cognitive phenomena of variable
intensity, in which the use of
psychoactive drug takes on a high
priority thereby involving, among
others, a strong desire or a sense
of compulsion to take the
substance and the difficulties in
 Definition of Terms
Drug Syndicate. Any organized group
of two (2) or more persons forming or
joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed
under R.A. 9165.

Employee of Den, Dive or Resort. The

caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout,
and other persons working in the den,
dive or resort, employed by the
maintainer, owner and/or operator
where any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential
 Definition of Terms
Financier. Any person who pays
for, raises or supplies money for, or
underwrites any of the illegal
activities prescribed under
R.A.9165.

Illegal Trafficking. The illegal

cultivation, culture, delivery,
administration, dispensation,
manufacture, sale, trading,
transportation, distribution,
 Definition of Terms
Instrument. Any thing that is used
in or intended to be used in any
manner in the commission of illegal
drug trafficking or related offenses.

Laboratory Equipment. The

paraphernalia, apparatus, materials
or appliances when used, intended
for use or designed for use in the
manufacture of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, such as reaction
 Definition of Terms
Manufacture. The production,
preparation, compounding or
processing of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, either directly
or indirectly or by extraction from
substances of natural origin, or
independently by means of
chemical synthesis or by a
combination of extraction and
chemical synthesis, and shall
 Definition of Terms
except that such terms do not
include the preparation,
compounding, packaging or
labeling of a drug or other
substances by a duly authorized
practitioner as an incident to
his/her administration or
dispensation of such drug or
substance in the course of his/her
professional practice including
research, teaching and chemical
 Definition of Terms
Cannabis or commonly known as
Marijuana or Indian Hemp or by
its any other name. Embraces
every kind, class, genus, or specie
of the plant Cannabis sativa L.
including, but not limited to,
Cannabis americana, hashish,
bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab,
and embraces every kind, class and
character of marijuana, whether
dried or fresh and flowering,
flowering or fruiting tops, or any
 Definition of Terms
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA) or commonly known as
Ecstasy, or by its any other
name. Refers to the drug having
such chemical composition,
including any of its isomers or
derivatives in any form.

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride
or commonly known as Shabu,
Ice, Meth, or by its any other
 Definition of Terms
Opium. Refers to the coagulated
juice of the opium poppy (Papaver
somniferum L.) and embraces
every kind, class and character of
opium, whether crude or prepared;
the ashes or refuse of the same;
narcotic preparations thereof or
therefrom; morphine or any
alkaloid of opium; preparations in
which opium, morphine or any
alkaloid of opium enters as an
 Definition of Terms
Opium Poppy. Refers to any part
of the plant of the species Papaver
somniferum L., Papaver setigerum
DC, Papaver orientale, Papaver
bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas,
which includes the seeds, straws,
branches, leaves or any part
thereof, or substances derived
therefrom, even for floral,
decorative and culinary purposes.
 Definition of Terms
Person. - Any entity, natural or
juridical, including among others, a
corporation, partnership, trust or
estate, joint stock company,
association, syndicate, joint venture
or other unincorporated
organization or group capable of
acquiring rights or entering into
obligations.

Practitioner. Any person who is a

licensed physician, dentist, chemist,
 Definition of Terms
Planting of Evidence. The willful
act by any person of maliciously
and surreptitiously inserting,
placing, adding or attaching
directly or indirectly, through any
overt or covert act, whatever
quantity of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical in the person,
house, effects or in the immediate
vicinity of an innocent individual
 Definition of Terms
Protector/Coddler.Any person who
knowingly and willfully consents to
the unlawful acts provided for in
this Act and uses his/her influence,
power or position in shielding,
harboring, screening or facilitating
the escape of any person he/she
knows, or has reasonable grounds
to believe on or suspects, has
violated the provisions of R.A.
9165 order to prevent the arrest,
 Definition of Terms
Pusher. Any person who sells, trades,
administers, dispenses, delivers or
gives away to another, on any terms
whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches
in transit or transports dangerous
drugs or who acts as a broker in any of
such transactions, in violation of R.A.
9165.

School. Any educational institution,

private or public, undertaking
educational operation for
pupils/students pursuing certain
 Definition of Terms
Screening Test. A rapid test
performed to establish
potential/presumptive positive
result.

Sell. Any act of giving away any

dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical
whether for money or any other
consideration.

Use. - Any act of injecting,

 Definition of Terms
Trading. Transactions involving
the illegal trafficking of dangerous
drugs and/or controlled precursors
and essential chemicals using
electronic devices such as, but not
limited to, text messages, e-mail,
mobile or landlines, two-way
radios, internet, instant
messengers and
chat rooms or acting as a broker in
any of such transactions whether
 DRUG
TRAFFICKING
INTERNATION
AL AND
LOCAL
International Drug Situation

333M or 8% of world population (15-

64 yrs old) used illicit drugs at least
once a year
108M or 2.7% used drugs regularly or
at least once every month
25M worldwide were considered as
drug addicts (15-64 yrs old)

Source: UNODC WORLD DRUG REPORT 2006

International Drug Situation
GLOBAL DRUG TRADE*:
320 Billion (Php 14.4 Trillion )
GDP of 90% of nations in the planet

AFGHANISTAN:
87% of worlds opium supply

In 2004, of the 25M amphetamine

users, 60% were from Asia

*Source: UNODC WORLD DRUG REPORT 2006

INTERNATION
AL AND
LOCAL DRUG
GROUPS
A drug cartel
is any criminal organization
with the intention of supplying
drug trafficking operations.
They range from loosely
managed agreements among
various drug traffickers to
formalized
commercial enterprises.
The term was applied when the largest
trafficking organizations reached an
agreement to coordinate the production and
distribution of cocaine. Since that agreement
was broken up, drug cartels are no longer
actually cartels, but the term stuck and it is
now popularly used to refer to any criminal
narcotics related organization, such as those
in Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Burma, China, Colombia,
Dominican Republic, El Salvador, France,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Laos, Mexico, the
Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Russia, Thailand,
Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom,
and the United States.
The basic structure of a drug
cartel is as follows:
Falcons (Spanish: Halcones):
Considered the "eyes and
ears" of the streets, the
"falcons" are the lowest rank
in any drug cartel. They are
responsible for supervising
and reporting the activities of
the police, the military, and
rival groups.
Hitmen (Spanish: Sicarios): The armed
group within the drug cartel, responsible
for carrying out assassinations,
kidnappings, thefts, extortions,
operating protection rackets, and
defending their plaza (turf) from rival
groups and the military.
Lieutenants (Spanish: Lugartenientes):
The second highest position in the drug
cartel organization, responsible for
supervising the hitmen and falcons
within their own territory. They are
allowed to carry out low-profile
executions without permission from
their bosses.
Drug lords (Spanish: Capos): The highest
position in any drug cartel, responsible for
supervising the entire drug industry,
appointing territorial leaders, making
alliances, and planning high-profile
executions.
It is worth noting that there are other
operating groups within the drug cartels. For
example, the drug producers and suppliers,
although not considered in the basic
structure, are critical operators of any drug
cartel, along with the financiers and money
launderers. In addition, the arms suppliers
operate in a completely different circle, and
are technically not considered part of the
cartels logistics.
Drug Trafficking Entry Points
Ilocos Cagayan
Sur 229 kg
125Union
La kgs
91 kgs
Pangasina
Quezon
n
6.89 kg cocaine
420 kgs
Zambal 365 kg
es 503 kg Philippine
33 kgs
Airports 350 kgs Coastlines
745 kgs
Mindoro Sorsogo
45 kg n
Masbate Samar
557kg
cocaine

Palawan

Mail &
Parcel
Davao
Seaports Services
LANDING POINTS
Sul
u South SUSPECTED
Cotabato LANDING
Tawi POINTS
 Ilocos Cagayan
Sur
La Union

Pangasina
n
Zambal Philippine
Airports es
Quezon Coastlines

Mindoro Sorsogo
n

Masbate

Mail &
Palawan Parcel
Freeports Services

Davao
LANDING POINTS
Sul
u SUSPECTED
South LANDING
Seapor Cotabato POINTS
Tawi
The Drug Courier
Drug mules
or drug
couriers are
individuals
who transport
dangerous
drugs in
exchange for
a huge
amount of
The Courier Method

Couriers hide their illegal cargo in secret

compartments in their luggage
The Courier Method

Placing in secret compartments

The Courier Method

Others go as far as wrapping the drugs into their

bodies
(also known as body-packing)
The Courier Method

Or ingesting the dangerous drugs

to avoid detection
In extreme cases, couriers are
forced
to insert the package into their
Other Drug Trafficking Trends

Increased use of kitchen-type shabu

laboratories;

Noted mostly in condo units rented by a

person using an alias;

Drug deals are carried out thru wireless

transfer or bank-to-bank transaction
instead of kaliwaan;

Source: 2011 PDEA/PNP/NBI Intel Works

Other Drug Trafficking Trends

Increased use of package deposit

counters in grocery stores and hotel
lobbies;

Palit-kotse as mode of conducting a

drug deal;

Alarming use of jail facilities as venue

for drug transaction
Source: 2011 PDEA/PNP/NBI Intel Works
 Size may range from a
cup or a couple of cups
to the size of a mega lab
Types of Meth Labs
Phenyl-2-Propanone (P2P)
Red Phosphorus - HI
Nazi (Lithium Ammonia)
Meth Lab Basics

In Rural Areas
 In a Farm House

Underground
 In the Trunk

In the Yard
In the Closet

In the Kitchen
Regional Price of Shabu / Kg
Japan
$90,000

China South
$17,000 Korea
$30,000

Laos
$4,000
Burma Philippines
$9,000 $100,000
Thailand
$30,000 Malaysia
$55,000

Singapore
$70,000
Indonesia
$85,000

Australia
$82,000
MDMA /
Ecstacy
Production In
Europe
Netherlands

Germany
Belgium

France
59
 WHAT IS DRUG?

Any substance other

than a food that can
affect the way your
mind and body work.
 DRUG ABUSE
Deliberately taking a
substance for other than
its intended purpose, and
in a manner that can result
in damage to the persons
health or his ability to
function
Other possible definition

The use of a drug for

purposes other than treating
sickness, often leading to
great harm.

Taking of any drug without

medical supervision.

The use of illegal drug is

CHARACTERISTICS OF A DRUG
DEPENDENCE
Compulsive desires or needs to
use drug.
Uses drug on a continuous basis.
Avoids the discomfort of its
absence.
Drug becomes the main focus of
his/her life.
DRUG DEPENDENCE MAY EITHER BE
PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR
BOTH OF THEM
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE a certain psychoactive
drugs (alcohol, heroin, cocaine and shabu) cause a
change in the body chemistry when taken frequently
in large doses over a long period of time. The
human body becomes used to the presence of the
drug.
Body begins to need it as much as it needs food.
If the use of the drug is stopped or withdrawn, the
body reacts by showing what are known as withdrawal
symptoms.
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS the ill effects that a drug
taker/abuser feels when he stops using the drugs to
which he/she has become accustomed.
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS INCLUDE
Trembling
Nausea
Hallucinations
Vomiting
These symptoms may be more or less
severe depending on the drug which the
body has been accustomed and the level
or extend of the dependence.
Withdrawal can lead to death.
Drug that produce physical dependence
are called ADDICTIVE DRUGS.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
Why does the abuser keep on taking the drug?
This is because the drug abuser is convinced in
his mind that he needs the drug. It is more or
mental or emotional need.
The drug abuser feels he cannot be happy or
satisfied without the drug which has become a
very important part of his life this kind of
dependence is known as drug habituation or
psychological dependence. Example of drugs,
hallucinogens, nicotine, shabu.
There are some drugs however that can produce
both physical and psychological dependence. A
classic example is Alcohol.
Classification of
dangerous drugs
(According to its
Origin)
Natural
- anything that comes
from nature.

Plants (Marijuana)
Synthetic
- anything that is produced
artificially or processed in
the laboratory.

Ecstasy Shabu
PHARMACOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS

STIMULANTS

DEPRESSANTS

HALLUCINOGENS
 1.STIMULANTS
Also known as uppers
Any of a group of drugs that excite the
central nervous system, in which increase
alertness, alleviate fatigue, reduce hunger and
provide feeling of well being
Ex. Cocaine / Amphetamine (SHABU)
 2. DEPRESSANTS
also called as downers or barbs

any drug or chemical that decreases the

activity of any bodily function. The term most
often is used to refer to drugs that reduce the
activity of the central nervous system

(Ex: Sedatives / Sleeping Pills / Tranquilizers)

 3. HALLUCINOGENS
(also called psychedelics)
First developed as appetite suppressant
any one of a large number of natural or synthetic
psychoactive drugs that produce marked
distortions of the senses and changes in perception.
Drugs capable of provoking changes in sensation,
thinking, self-awareness and emotion. Alteration of
time and space perception and hallucination.
(Ex: MJ / LSD / Ecstasy / Ketamine)

73
 COMMON
DANGEROUS
DRUGS
USED/ABUSED
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 Most Abused Illegal
Shabu
Drugs
Marijuana

Ecstasy
Solvents
Shabu
- Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride

Use your Common Sense! We can do it!

 SHABU
Methamphetamine HCL, a
type of amphetamine is also
known as poor mans
cocaine, Other names are
Shabu, Ubas. Siopao, Sha
and Ice.
Contents of Shabu
EPHEDRINE found in
cold tablets, a
dangerous drug / 80% of
shabu
RED PHOSPHOROUS
found in match heads
TOLUENE and ETHER
found in brake cleaners,
paint and engine
starters
SULFURIC ACID drain
cleaner (Liquid Sosa)
Meth BUGS

79
 MJ FACTS

Is Marijuana
Medicine?
Fact: Marijuana is not
medicine!
Marijuana
- Cannabis Sativa
GATEWAY DRUG
Marijuana
- Cannabis Sativa

Delta 9 -
THC
can cause
Hallucinatio
n which
could
eventually
lead to
Psychosis
 MJ FACTS

Marijuana has the

potential to promote
cancer of the lungs
and other parts of the
respiratory
Is Marijuana tract
because marijuana
smoke
Medicine?
contains 50
Fact: There are no
percent to 70 percent
smokedcarcinogenic
more medicine!
SOLVENTS AND INHALANTS

Volatile chemical
substances that contains
psycho-active (mind/mood
altering) vapors producing
a state of intoxication.
Ex: Glue and Adhesive Cement /
Rugby / Super Glue / Thinner
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

Permanent damage to brain, liver

and kidneys
Prone to bleeding and bruises
Lost of memory
Difficulty in learning and seeing
things clearly
Loss of control of body
Cramps, pains and bad cough
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
Anxiety, depression and irritability
Aggressive behavior
Dizziness, shaking and nausea
Ecstasy
- Methylene Dioxy
Methamphetamine
Facts on Ecstasy
Also popularly known as Love
Drug
Effects
- Psychosis, depression, same
effect as with shabu, restlessness,
anxiety, increased blood pressure,
and heart rate which may lead to
cardiac arrest, vomiting,
hypertension, etc.
After taking Ecstasy, users
Ecstasy
- @ Rave Parties

MDMA is a chemical
analog of
Methamphetamine-
produces a stimulant
Ecstasy
- Effects on the Brain
Ecstasy
- Effects on the Brain

Ecstacy kills!
Buy-Bust operation along Granada St., Brgy.
Valencia, Quezon City which resulted in the
arrest of three (3) suspects and seizure of
450pcs of Ecstacy Tablets worth more91 or less
Php750,000
 Cocaine
Cocaine is a crystalline tropane
alkaloid that is obtained from the
leaves of the coca plant
 Cocaine
Illegal Cocaine is usually
distributed as a white crystalline
powder or as an off-white chunky
material

COMMON CHEMICAL CONTENTS

OF COCAINE
Cocaine - Kerosene - Sulfuric Acid
can - Hydrochloric Acid - Acetone
cause - Ammonia - Alkaline
- Baking Soda - Lactose
Heart - Dextrose
Failure!
 KETAMINE
Chemically known as
(Methylamino) Cyclohexane

Description Fine and

White crystalline powder,
it can be liquid or tables
or capsules forms.
Street Name:
K, Special K, Super K, Kit-
Kat, Ket, Vitamin K, K-
hole, Bump of K, Honey
Oil K, Bump bottle 94
Ketamine

95
96
 ILL-EFFECTS:
Disoriented behavior,
Impaired judgment,
Hallucinations,
Impaired coordination,
Violent and out of
body feeling, a state of
euphoria and near
death experience.

97
 GammaHydroxy
Butyrate

Also known as the

Date-rape drug

Assignment:
What is GHB

98
Magnitude of the Drug
Problem
Drugs of Choice
1. Shabu mostly abused by classes C, D, & E

2. Marijuana prevalent in schools & slum areas

3. Cocaine popular users: classes A & B

4. Ecstasy rampant in bars, house parties

Transnational Drug Groups

West African Drug Syndicate

Chinese-Malaysian Drug
Syndicate

Mexican Drug Cartel (Sinaloa)

 Airports continue to
be the preferred
trafficking venue
from small quantities
to multi-kilo
shipments

seizure of 10 kgs of
shabu at the
102
NAIA.
Trafficking trend:

THE DRUG
COURIER
SITUATION
 Death Penalty Cases
Abroad
(as of October 2011)

83 Drug-related death penalty cases of

Filipinos :
74 in China
8 in Malaysia
1 in Indonesia

Cases: Drug smuggling, trafficking,

possession and manufacturing
 Drug Smuggling

Philippines to
Japan,
Taiwan,
Malaysia, &
Indonesia

China, Hong
Kong, &
Taiwan to the 105
Punishment for drug
trafficking/smuggling
Repatriation

6 months to Lifetime Imprisonment

Payment of Fine

Confiscation of personal belongings

Death penalty

In Washington DC, one drug courier died while serving 37

months in prison
Toxicology (from the Ancient Greek words toxikos "poisonous" and
logos) is a branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine (more
specificallypharmacology) concerned with the study of the adverse effects
of chemicals on living organisms.[1] It also studies the harmful effects of
chemical, biological and physical agents in biological systems that
establishes the extent of damage in living organisms. The relationship
between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high
significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include
the dosage (and whether it is acute or chronic); the route of exposure, the
species, age, sex and environment.
The basic concept of toxicology: The dose makes the poison. As dose
increases, so does the risk of adverse effect (*Flinn Scientific)
Factors that affect dose:
Intake How much of the chemical are you exposed to and how much of it
do you take into the body
Type of exposure ingestion, inhalation or dormal absorption
Time How long are you expose? Is the person exposed to a small amount
of a chemical over a long period of time (teacher in a classroom) or are you
exposed to a large amount of a substance in a short period of time (acute
accident in a laboratory or a large spill of chemical in a community)
END OF PRELIM
PERIOD!!