Seminar on Capsule Camera

Prepared by:
Ronak vasava
 Endoscopy
GI Tract
Endoscopy—Using an
instrument to
visually examine the
interior of a hollow
organ or cavity
Gastrointestinal
Endoscopy
 Methods of GI Endoscopy
Upper Intestinal Endoscopy
Colonoscopy
X-Rays
CT Scans
MRI
Surgery
 Capsule Camera is the Solution
Patient feel discomfort by
above mentioned
techniques

Difficult to diagnose the

small intestine disorders

Capsule camera can easily

diagnose the small intestine
disorders
 Introduction
“The capsule containing camera
used for endoscopy.”
It is the noninvasive type device
known as M2A capsule
endoscopy developed by Israel’s
Given Imaging Company for the
diagnostic purpose.
A small capsule which is not a
medication, but rather a single
use video color-imaging capsule
that hold a microscopic camera
gives doctors with better picture
of the small bowel than standard
X-rays.
Examination Set
Capsule

Sensor Array

Data Recorder

Belt

RAPID Workstation
 Features
Size:2.5 cm long and 1.1 cm wide
Dimension :11 mm * 26 mm
Weight: 4 gm
Frame Rate: 2 images/second
50,000 images are obtained during an 8 hour exam
Magnification: 8x
Capsule coating: non-adherent
Disposable
Price: US$450/ each
Power Source:Battery
Made in : ISRAEL
Inside the capsule
Schematic diagram
 Functions
Optical Dome:Allows tissue to be in focus even if
they are to be in contact
Lens:Used to increase the Depth of the field
CMOS Image Sensor:Detects the images
White LEDS:To illuminate the area around the
capsule
Batteries:Power the capsule
ASIC:Allows the integration of video transmitter
of sufficient Power output ,Efficiency,bandwidth
of small size into capsule
 Block Diagram
LIGHT
SOURCE
(LED)

DATA
RECO-
VIDEO RF RDER
CMOS DAC TRANSMITTER
IMAGE
SENSOR

BATTERY MICRO-
CONTROLLER
 Continue
Combination of 3 technologies: Improvement of
signal to noise ratio,White LED development,
ASIC circuits development
CMOS Detectors: Active Pixel Resolution ,Each
pixel is equipped with a buffer amplifier
White Color LEDS distinguish disease tissue by
color
Analog Transmission:Requires high data rate
with lower frequency , so DAC is used
Analog Video transmitter transmits signal at a
30-800 MHz frequency
 Sensor Array
Several Wires are
attached to the abdomen
like ECG leads to obtain
images by radio
frequency.
These wires are
connected to a
lightweight data recorder
worn on a belt.
Used to calculate and
indicate the position of
capsule in the body.
 Data Recorder
Data recorder receives and
records signals transmitted
by the camera to an array
of sensor placed on the
patient’s body.
It is of the size of walkman
It recieves and stores
50000 to 60000 JPEG
images on a 9 GB hard
drive
Images take several hours
to download through serial
connection.
 Belt
A patient wear a
receiver belt around
his or her waist over
clothing
A belt is applied
around the waist and
holds a recording
device and a battery
pack
 RAPID Workstation
Reporting and Processing
of Images and Data
Image data from the
data recorder is
downloaded to a
computer equipped with
software called RAPID
Application software
Helps to convert images
into a movie and allows
the doctor to view the
color 3D images .
Fantastic Voyager
Fantastic Voyager
Clinical Image
 Small Intestine Imaging in
3 Easy Steps
1. Ingesting the M2A® capsule

2. Undergoing the procedure

3. Viewing the results

Click on images to view movie
 Procedure
Over night 12 hour fast
Sensors placed on patient
Patient wears a belt that contains a battery pack and data recorder.
Patient ingests capsule around 8am
Patient may have clears two hours after ingestion
Patient may have a light lunch 4 hours after ingestion
The patient goes about his or her daily routine while the capsule
passes painlessly through the GI tract.
Patient returns 7-8 hours later
After Downloading images,doctor can view the 3D images and
diagnose the problem
Capsule Exerts in a normal way,so it is disposable
 Average Transit Times

Stomach : 30 to 60 minutes

Small Intestine :4 hours

Capsule Passage: 2- 3 days

 Limitations
Capsule Endoscopy does not replace standard
diagnostic endoscopy.
It is not a replacement for any existing GI
imaging technique,Generally performed after a
standard endoscopy and colonoscopy.
It cannot be controlled once it has been
ingested,can not be stopped or steered to
collect close-up details
It cannot be used to take biopsies, apply
therapy or mark abnormalities for surgery.
 Continue

It should not be used in people

who have
A Cardiac pacemaker
Other implanted electronic devices
An intestinal blockage
A Significantly narrowed small bowel
An abnormal connection between the bowel
and another organ
patient
 Conclusion
This device is a marvel of
microelectronics , which is the emerging
and advance technology in the modern
medical Science.
The Given video capsule endoscopes
that does take gastroenterologist on a
fantastic voyage in a far away land that
has previously not been well explored.
New models:1cm *2 cm endoscopes
capsule can capture
 Discussion

Questions ?