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4) As soon as possible, and not more than 15 min after reduction, add
2.0 mL color reagent to 50 mL sample and mix. Between 10 min and
2 h afterward, measure absorbance at 543 nm.
!
± Benzene isobutanol solvent: mix equal volumes of
benzene and isobutanol (highly flammable)
± Molybdate reagent-E: dissolve 40.1 g of ammonium
molybdate in 500 ml distilled water and slowly add 396
ml of molybdate reagent, cool and makeup final
volume to 1 liter
± Alcoholic sulfuric acid solution: cautiously add 20 ml of
conc. H2SO4 to 980 ml of methyl alcohol while
continuously mixing
± Stannous chloride reagent-E: mix 8 ml of stannous
chloride reagent with 50 ml of glycerol
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Under acidic conditions, ammonium molybdate and
potassium antimonyl tartrate react with orthophosphate to
form a heteropoly acid-phosphomolybdic acid, and
ascorbic acid reduces the resultant acid to intensely
coloured molybdenum blue
Detectable ranges are 0.3 to 2 mg/l for 0.5 cm light path
length, 0.15 to 1.3 mg/l for 1 cm path and 0.01 to 0.25
mg/l for 5 cm path
Interferences include arsenates, hexavalent chromium,
nitrites, sulfide and silicate
± Arsenates: at conc. as low as 0.1 mg/l, react with molybdate
to produce blue colour similar to that formed with phosphate
± Hexavalent chromium and nitrite can introduce negative
error of 3% at 1 mg/l of phosphate conc. and 10-15% at 10
mg/l conc.
± Sulfides and silicates cause no interference at <1 mg/l and
10 mg/l respectively
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