Smart Grid Vision:

Vision for a Holistic Power

Supply and Delivery Chain

Stephen Lee
Senior Technical Executive
Power Delivery & Utilization

November 2008
 Smart Grid
Two Way Communications.Sensors.Intelligence

Hype
Smart
Grid

Need an Objective Assessment of the Potential for Smart Transmission and

the Path to Achieve it

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

 End-to-End Power Delivery Chain Operation &
Planning
Power Plants
Transmission System
Distribution System
Fuel Supply System

Renewable Plants

Fuel Source/Storage

Energy Storage
End-uses & DR

Controllers
Sensors

Data Communication
M

ZIP
Wide Area Control
Dynamic Power Plant Models Dynamic Load Models

Monitoring, Modeling, Analysis, Coordination & Control

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

 Most Needed Capabilities Requiring Research

Hierarchical
Chain End-to-End
Outage Dynamic Integration of Entire
Integration Management
Dispatch Models Supply & Delivery
Chain
Optimal End-to-End
Dispatch under
Uncertainties
Dynamic Models of
Security Generators and
Network Management Loads
Data Management Online Alarm Root-
Cause Diagnostics
Prevention of
Cascading Outages,
Safety Nets
Fast System
Alarm Restoration After
Management Blackouts
Restoration
SCADA Protection

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 4

 MW Tehachapi, California Wind Generation in April 2005

Could you predict the energy production for this wind park
700 either day-ahead or 5 hours in advance?

600 Each Day is a different color.

Day 29
500
Day 9
400

300 Day 5
Day 26

200
Average

100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Source:CaliforniaISO Hour
2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
 Methods of Coping with Wind Uncertainty

Potentialwindcurtailment
Short-Term
Better wind forecasting
Carry more operating and spinning
reserve to handle up and down ramps
of wind output
Rapid coordination with demand
response and energy storage
Long-Term
Build more energy storage, e.g.,
Compressed Air Energy Storage
(CAES)
Controllable demand response
Holistic planning of transmission,
generation and demand
Virtual Service Aggregator CAES

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

 Potential Role of the Virtual Service Aggregator

Traditional
Traditional
Power Plants
Power Plants

Transmission
Transmission
Grid
Grid
Renewable End
Renewable
Resources EndUses
Uses
Resources and
and
Distributed
Distributed
Resources
Resources
Real
RealRegional
Regional
Energy Control
ControlCenter
Center
Energy
Storage
Storage

Financial
Settlement of
Net Difference

Virtual Power Flow

Virtual
Service
Service Financial
Aggregator
Aggregator Transaction

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
 Alarm Management

Alarm Management
Need to diagnose root-cause of
alarm messages
Need to link diagnosis to operator
procedure
Current EMS alarm management
uses technologies of the 1970s
Need to integrate all sources of data
and messages, through a
hierarchical approach

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

 Why Accurate Load and Generator Models Are
Needed?
Hassayampa 500 kV

Inadequacy of current model

data 1

Inaccurate voltage recovery 0.8

simulation after disturbances

Voltage (pu)
0.6

Uncertainty about generator Measured

reactive power capabilities 0.4 Simulated H=0.3

Simulated H=0.03
Simulated H=0.05
Implications 0.2 Simulated H=0.1
Simulated H=0.2

Uncertainty about the 0

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Simulated H =0.5

1.4 1.6 1.8 2

stability margin of the power Time (seconds)

grid
Unaware of real risk of
cascading blackouts or
voltage collapse, or
Under utilization of available
stability margin for greater
economic benefits Southern Co.s GenVARRTM

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

 Effective System Restoration Can Reduce The
Societal Impact Of Widespread Blackouts

Operators need
online decision
support for
restoration
strategies
How can
automation be used
to improve system
restoration?

Source: Mike Adibi, NSF/EPRI Workshop on Understanding and Preventing Cascading Failures in Power Systems, Oct 28, 2005.

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 10

 Prevention of Cascading Outages Safety Nets

Application of SynchroPhasor
Measurements for Controlled
Separation, Load Shedding and
Generation Rejection
Controlled separation is an
effective last resort to mitigate
severe cascading failures
Voltage Instability Load
Shedding
Online risk monitoring of
potential cascading outages

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 11

 Thank you

2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 12