AC Motors & Their

Types

Group Members:
M Abdullah (p12-6322)
Salman Syed (p12-
6403)
Yasar Hayat (p12-6405)
Topic Introduction
What is an Electric
Motor?

Electromechanical device that converts electrical

energy to mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy used to e.g.
Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
Drive compressors
Lift materials

Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load.

Principle of how motors work
 Structural Design
An electric motor is all about magnets and
magnetism: A motor uses magnets to
create motion.
A motor is consist of two magnets.
Classification of Motors

Electric Motors

Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC)

Motors Motors

Synchronous Induction Separately Self Excited

Excited

Single-Phase Three-Phase Series Compound Shunt

 AC Motors
Alternating current (AC) motors use an
electrical current, which reverses its
direction at regular intervals.
An AC motor has two basic electrical parts:
a "stator" and a "rotor".
CLASSIFICATION OF AC MOTOR
Alternating Current (AC)
Motors

Synchronous Induction

Single-Phase Three-Phase
 AC Motors
Electrical current reverses direction
Two parts: stator and rotor
Stator: stationary electrical component
Rotor: rotates the motor shaft
rotor
Two types stator
Synchronous motor
Induction motor
 Induction motors

Induction motors can be classified into

two main groups:
single-phase induction motors
three-phase induction motors
Single-phase induction motors:
These only have one stator winding,
operate with a single-phase power
supply...
Three phase induction motors:
The use three sets of stator coils the
rotating magnetic field drags the rotor
 Induction motors
Induction motors are the most common motors
used for various equipments in industry.
Components
Rotor
Squirrel cage
Wound rotor

Stator
Single Induction motor

Single phase motors are very widely

used in home, offices, workshops
etc. as power delivered to most of
the houses and offices is single
phase. In addition to this, single
phase motors are reliable, cheap in
cost, simple in construction and
easy to repair.
3 phase Induction Motor

Stator
As its name indicate stator is a stationary part of induction motor. A
three phase supply is given to the stator of induction motor.
Rotor
The rotor is a rotating part of induction motor. The rotor is connected to
the mechanical load through the shaft. The rotor of the three phase
induction motor are further classified as
Squirrel cage rotor
Slip ring rotor or wound rotor or phase wound rotor
Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
 Advantages of squirrel cage induction rotor
1.Its construction is very simple and rugged
2. as there are no brushes and slip ring, these
motors requires less maintenance.

Applications:
Squirrel cage induction motor is used in lathes, drilling
machine, fan, blower printing machines etc
Slip Ring Induction Motor
Slip ring or wound three phase induction motor : In this
type of three phase induction motor the rotor is wound
for the same number of poles as that of stator but it has
less number of slots and has less turns per phase of a
heavier conductor.The rotor also carries star or delta
winding similar to that of stator winding. The rotor
consists of numbers of slots and rotor winding are
placed inside these slots.
 Advantages of slip ring induction motor

1. It
has high starting torque and low starting
current.
2. Possibility of adding additional resistance to
control speed

Applications:
Slip ring induction motor are used where high
starting torque is required i.e in hoists, cranes,
elevator etc
 Synchronous
motor
As the name suggests
Synchronous motors
are capable of running
at constant speed
irrespective of the load
acting on them.

Synchronous motors
have got higher
efficiency than its
counterparts. Its
efficiency ranges from
90 92%.
AC Synchronous motor

Stator: It carries three phase winding and is fed from 3-phase

supply.

Rotor: It carries permanent magnet poles that rotate exactly

with same speed as that of the stator magnetic field, hence
the name synchronous motor.

It is not self starting.

 Synchronous Motor-Principle

The rotor acting as a bar magnet will turn to line up with

the rotating magnet field. The rotor gets locked to the RMF
and rotates unlike induction motor at synchronous speed under
all load condition

22
Synchronous Speed
Speed at which RMF rotates or Synchronous speed
can easily be derived as follows,

speed of synchronous motor can be very

accurately controlled. This is the reason why
they are suitable for high precision
applications.
 Why Synchronous motors are not self starting ?

North Pole of the Rotor will

obviously get attracted by
South Pole of RMF, and will
start to move in the same
direction. But since the rotor
has got some inertia, this
starting speed will be very low.
So it will give repulsive force.
This will make the rotor move
backward. As a net effect the
rotor wont be able to start.
Making Synchronous Motor Self
Start
To make synchronous motor self start, a squirrel
cage arrangement is cleverly fitted through pole
tips. They are also called as damper windings.

At the starting rotor field coils are not energized.

So with revolving magnetic field, electricity is
induced in squirrel cage bars and rotor starts
rotating just like an induction motor starts.
 Out of Synchronism

Synchronous motors will produce constant

speed irrespective of motor load only if the
load is within the capability of motor. If
external torque load is more than torque
produced by the motor, it will slip out of
synchronism and will come to rest. Low
supply voltage and excitation voltage are
other reasons of going out of synchronism
Application of Synchronous
Motor
Synchronous motor having no load connected to its shaft is used for
power factor improvement. it is used in power system in situations
where static capacitors are expensive.

Synchronous motor finds application where operating speed is less

(around 500 rpm) and high power is required. For power requirement
from 35 kW to 2500KW, the size, weight and cost of the
corresponding induction motor is very high. Hence these motors are
preferably used. Ex- Reciprocating pump, compressor, rolling mills etc