Protest and Pride--Every Voice

Black Leadership in the 1920s

Diverse Voices--Committed Organizations:
African American Leaders of the 1920s
Struggled for civil rights in the
era of Jim Crow laws and
lynchings.

Were role models for James Weldon Johnson

thousands of followers as
they stood for the rule of
law.
Marcus Garvey
Connected with colored
people of every nationality.
W.E.B. DuBois
Tried to change public policy
to reflect democratic ideals.
Phillip Randolph
 The National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP)
Advocated for civil rights

1921-22--Fought for Dyer Anti-lynching Bill

First
Publicized barbaric mob behavior in a Hand
country that was supposed to be devoted to accounts
rule of law of NAACP
NAACP
First campaign by a civil rights organization
to lobby Congress
A Short
Won favorable publicity and goodwill Video History
of the NAACP
NAACP website
National Urban League: Empowerment
A historic civil rights organization dedicated to economic
empowerment in order to elevate the standard of living in
historically underserved urban communities.

Founded in 1910 and headquartered in New York City

Spearheads the efforts of its local affiliates through the

development of programs, public policy research and
advocacy.

Today, the National Urban League has 88 affiliates serving

300 communities, in 36 states and the District of
Columbia, providing direct services that impact and
improve the lives of more than 2 million people Brief Video History of
nationwide. First Hand Accounts Urban League
Urban League
UNIA Response to Racism
Promote racial pride: Marcus
Garvey and the Universal
Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA)

Foster cooperation among

peoples of African descent

Exert diplomatic influence Brief video

history of UNIA
through Pan African
congresses
Liberate the minds of men, and
UNIA website Primary
Source ultimately, you will liberate the
s bodies of men. --Marcus Garvey
 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

First Hand Accounts of the Sleeping Car Porters

Songs, Stories, Details on Porters

Struggle for Rights Video Documentary

W.E.B. Dubois: Journalist, Educator, Civil Rights Activist(18681963)

W.E.B. Du Bois was one of

the most important African-
American activists during
the first half of the 20th
century. He co-founded the
NAACP and supported Pan-
Africanism.

Brief Biography of DuBois

W.E.B. Dubois Documents
Primary Sources
The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of
the color-line -- the relation of the darker to the lighter
races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the
islands of the sea. It was a phase of this problem that
caused the Civil War.
 Voices: James Weldon Johnson: Activist and Poet
Field Secretary, CEO of NAACP, 1916-30

Worked to increase NAACP membership

from 9,000 (1916) to 90,000 (1920)

Diplomat and negotiator

Published descriptions and photographs of

lynchings

Blamed both Democrats and Republicans

for ignoring needs of black people

Urged blacks to vote against Republicans

who are in league with the KKK
Lift Every Voice and Sing
Johnsons Contradictory Ideas about Racial Issues
Johnson But also...
supported...

Equal access to Supported all-

public facilities black YMCA in
Harlem

Equal treatment Separate

of blacks in training of black
military Army officers

NAACP building Do not move

on 5th Avenue NAACP building
in NYC to Harlem
Johnsons
Building all
Poem: The Creation
Supported black
black veterans pride, but
hospital in thought back to
Alabama staffed Africa
Marcus Garvey: Black Pride
Marcus Garvey Memorial
A. Phillip Randolph: Agitator, Activist, Labor Leader
Trailblazing leader: Brotherhood of Video: Randolphs Influence
Sleeping Car Porters
Championed equitable labor rights
for African-American communities
during the 20th century
Driving force in ending racial
discrimination in government
defense factories and desegregating
the armed forces
Organized the March on
Washington, 1963
Primary Sources
Randolph: Brief Biography