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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY,

GANDHINAGAR

SPME PRESENTATION

Under The Guidance of:- Presented By:

Ravish Khan
Mr. Pawan Godiawala Rangnath Raman
Sunidhi Kumari
( DFT-4)
Ironing 2

It is the process of iron to remove wrinkles

It and pressure is used to flatten the fabric
Ironing is done with gliding and sliding motion
Different types of fabric require specific
combination of moisture, pressure per surface
unit, temperature, and duration of the process.
Pressing 3

Garments are pressed between an upper and

lower boards.
This involves less manual work
Elements of 4

ironing/Pressing
Heat: heat is needed in most pressing process to soften
fibers, stabilize and set the desired shape.
Steam: is the fastest means of transferring heat into the
fabrics. Steam is created by heating water in
pressure/boiler. The higher the pressure, the hotter and drier
the steam.
Pressure: is applied to alter shape and increase the
permanency of the mounding or creasing.
Vacuum: after application of heat and moisture is the
vacuum which sucks ambient air through harmnet as it lies
on the buck or pressing table. This rapidly dries out residual
moisture from the garment and ensures the set imparted by
pressing is retained. Suction also ensures that the fabric is in
place, does not shift.
How to determine the 5

size of iron
few important factors that will determine whether a steam iron
will do a good job or not.
Volume and force of steam output: The extra steam will
reduce the ironing time and reduce the total electricity usage.
The pattern of the steam holes: The pattern of the steam
holes in the sole plate impacts the effectiveness of the iron
more than the number of holes. The center holes are the ones
used for the burst of steam. This is also effective for long
horizontal shots of steam to eliminate wrinkles on a garment
hanging on a clothes hanger.
The soleplate design: helps the iron to glide easily and not
stick; helps to protect the fabric and makes ironing quicker.
Variable heat/fabric settings: so you can safely iron various
fabrics from cottons to silk with the correct amount of heat.
Ironing Cycle
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Position

Remove Steamin
fabric g

Heating
(to
Cooling remove
steam)
Ironing Temperature chart of different
fabrics 7
PARTS OF AN IRON
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Teflon 9

Thermal insulator
Non-stick
Avoids shine marks
Smooth coating
IRON TABLE 1
0
Air met fabric for cover with
silicon coating
Not densely weave
Resistant to damage/heat
Can withstand maximum 250
degree C
Life up to 3000 working
hours(1-1.5 years)
Should be cleaned by dipping
in soup water and dry under
compression
Iron table 1
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Polyester net
Base
Heater
Suction
Silicon foams 1
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50mm minimum height
More thickness means
more density
Density increases the
cost
SILICON FOAMS 1
3
Pads 1
4
Made of Silicon rubber
Ability to withstand temperature till 400 degree C

Felt
Foam finishes
Silicon rubber PADS 1
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Steam Boiler 1
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A boiler is a closed vessel in
which water or the fluid is
heated under pressure. The
steam or hot fluid is then
circulated out of the boiler for
use in various process or
heating applications. A safety
valve is required to prevent
over pressurization and
possible explosion of a boiler.

Steam Boiler at NIFT, Gandhinagar

Steam Boiler 1
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The boiler is used for a number of applications

in readymade garment industry viz.
heating water for washing machines
to generate steam for tumblers to dry garments
to generate steam for steam heated fusing
machines
to generate steam for irons
 These boilers may be failed due to a number of1
reasons, some of the main reasons are as follows:
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Failures of mechanical/electrical safety valves If the
pressure in the boiler goes beyond the required limits,
these valves are released. There is a led, which will melt
and release the pressure.
Failures of temperature sensors In case of failures,
metallic sensors which sense the temperature cut the
electrical supply coming to the heater and stop the
working of boiler.
Failures due to non-supply of water in the heater If water
is not supplied, air inside the boiler will get heated and
will cause the blast of the boiler.
Glass fabric coated insulator
1
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 2
0

Water Inlet Motor of the Boiler

Pressure Indicator 2
1
Water Heater 2
2
Cross-section Of Water 2
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Heater
Copper coating
Die-electric powder
Nichrome wire: bad
conducter of heat
Softening hard water 2
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The damaging effect that hard water can have means
that it may be beneficial to soften the water. Methods
for softening hard water involve the removal of calcium
ions and magnesium ions from the water.
There are two methods for softening hard water:
adding sodium carbonate to the water
using ion exchange columns
Adding sodium carbonate 2
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Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is also known as washing

soda. It can remove temporary and permanent hardness
from water. Sodium carbonate is soluble but calcium
carbonate and magnesium carbonate are insoluble.
The carbonate ions from sodium carbonate react with the
calcium and magnesium ions in the water to produce
insoluble precipitates. For example:
calcium ions + sodium carbonate calcium carbonate +
sodium ions
Ca2+(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CaCO3(s) + 2Na+(aq)
The water is softened because it no longer contains
dissolved calcium ions and magnesium ions. It will form
lather more easily with soap.
Ion exchange columns 2
Commercial water softeners often use ion6
exchange resins. These substances are usually
made into beads, which are packed into cylinders
called ion exchange columns. These can be
built into machines, such as dishwashers, or
plumbed into water systems to continuously
soften the water.
The resin beads have sodium ions attached to
them. As the hard water passes through the
column, the calcium and magnesium ions swap
places with the sodium ions.
The calcium and magnesium ions are left
attached to the beads, while the water leaving
the column contains more sodium ions. The hard
water is softened because it no longer contains
calcium or magnesium ions. Some ion exchange
Softening hard water 2
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