Physics Exam

Review
 Hi guys!
Tomorrow is the exam as per the
guide I put in Gradelink on Monday
last week, and that we saw here in
class too.
There are 4 versions of the exam. Its
not hard. (10 questions)
It includes theory (multiple choice)
Conversions (Temperature C/F/K)
Electricity Problems (I, V, R, P)
You may use the formulas I gave you.
(I will check them before the exam).
 Series and Parallel Circuits

An easy way to learn Ohms Law

(copy this to your formulas)
Series and Parallel Circuits
 Circuit Defined

A circuit is a path for

electrons to flow through.
The path is from a power
sources negative
terminal, through the
various components and
on to the positive terminal
Types
Series
Parallel
Combination
5
 Components - Source
DRY CELL

a source of electrical energy

+
6
Components - Load
LIGHT BULB
lights up when
electricity passes through

7
 Circuit - Complete
Source of electrical energy
Appliances
Complete circuit

+
Electricity flows
8
Terms to Know
Open circuit there is a break
somewhere and electricity cannot flow
(maybe the switch is open)
Closed circuit electricity can flow (the
switch is closed)
Short circuit the electricity completes a
circuit without going through the load
Load what is using the electricity

9
Schematics

Circuit diagrams, also called

schematic diagrams, provide a
graphic representation of an
electric circuit using standard
symbols.

10
Diagram Symbols
wire or conductor
resistor or other load
bulb V
voltmeter
battery ammeter
A

switch generator
11
Example Simple Circuit
-
+

circuit diagram
A
+ -

12
Complex Circuit
-

A
Construct the
circuit diagram

+ -

A
13
Circuits
Can either be series
or parallel.
 Series
Current only takes
one path for electrons
Current flows through

every part of the

circuit
Lights in a Series
 Series
Ifyou add a resistor (like
another light):
Total resistance goes UP
since all the current has
must go through each
resistor.
Adding Resistors to
Series:
Current in the circuit
will go DOWN (lights
will dim)
If you remove a light
bulb or one burns out
all go out!
 Current in Series
Current is the same at
all points
Use Ohms Law to find
current using
resistance and voltage
Voltage in Series
Voltage is
reduced by each
resistance
voltage drop
 Resistance in Series
Add up all resistors to
get total
Totalresistance will go
up because all of the
current must go through
each resistor.
 Sample Problem #1
Draw a series circuit with two 1.5
V batteries, 3 resistors, and a
current of 0.5 A.
1. What is the total voltage of the
circuit?
2. What is the resistance of each
resistor?
 Parallel Circuits
Has at least one point
where current divides
More than one path for

current to flow
Paths are also known as

branches
Lights in Parallel
 Parallel:
Ifyou add a resistor:
Total resistance goes

down
Total current goes up

when you add another

path
Removing a Light
Bulb
If you remove a light
bulb or one burns out,
the others stay on
because the circuit is
still closed.
 Current in Parallel
Current flows into a
branching point, the
same total current must
flow out again
Current depends on
resistance in each branch
Voltage in Parallel
Voltage is the
same across each
branch because
each branch is on
the same wire
Resistance in Parallel
Calculate current in
each branch based on
resistance in each
branch by using
Ohms Law
 Practice problem #2
Draw a parallel circuit with
two resistors (one on each
branch) and a 12 V battery.
1. What is the voltage through
each resistor?
Toll RoadCircuit
Analogy
Toll Booth Explanation
Adding toll booths in series
increases resistance and
slows the current flow.
Adding toll booths in
parallel lowers resistance
and increases the current
flow.
Batteries in Series
and Parallel:
In seriesThe voltage
is increased.
In parallelNo change
in voltage; these
batteries will last
longer!
 One More FINAL
Thing:
Two Types of Current:
DCDirect Current
produced by solar cells
and chemical cells
(batteries)
Current only flows in
one direction.
 2nd
type of current:
ACAlternating Current
Current flows back and
forth (alternates)
Found in homes
Generators produce AC
current