Chapter 1 Intro to Chemistry

By Kendon Smith Columbia Central HS Brooklyn, MI

 Chapter 1 Notes: Introduction to Chemistry
I. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and the
changes that matter undergoes.
Matter = Anything that has mass
and occupies space.
Examples of Matter?
Air, Water, A desk, YOU!
Examples of Non-matter?
Heat, Light, Sound, Energy
II. Five Major Branches of Chemistry
1. Organic Chemistry study of essentially all
chemicals containing carbon
2. Inorganic Chemistry study of chemicals, in
general, that do NOT contain carbon
3. Biochemistry study of chemical processes
that occur in living things
4. Analytical chemistry are of study that focuses
on the composition of matter.
II. Five Major Branches of Chemistry
5. Physical Chemistry deals with the
mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer
that occurs when matter undergoes a change.
* Investigates underlying scientific principles
behind changes.
Chemical change = chemical reaction!
II. Pure and Applied Chemistry
1. Pure Chemistry pursuing of knowledge
simply for the sake of knowing it or to satisfy
mans natural curiosity about the world.
2. Applied Chemistry research that is directed
toward a goal or application in order to solve
a problem.
3. Technology the means by which society
provides its members with the things they need
or desire.
III. Why study Chemistry?
1. In order to explain the natural world.
2. To help you prepare for a career.
3. To become an informed citizen.
IV. Chemistry Far and Wide
1. Materials Chemists design materials to fit
specific needs in the world.
a. Macroscopic the world in which objects
are large enough to see.
b. Microscopic the world in which objects can
only be seen under magnification
2. Energy Chemists play an essential role in
finding ways to conserve, produce, and store
energy.
IV. Chemistry Far and Wide
3. Medicine Chemistry supplies the medicines,
materials, and technology that doctors use to
treat their patients.
- Biotechnology applies science to produce
biological products and processes
IV. Chemistry Far and Wide
4. Agriculture Chemists help develop more
productive crops and safer, more effective ways
to protect crops.
i. Soil quality testing to improve soil
ii. Adding fertilizers to the soil
iii. Developing herbicides to prevent weeds
iv. Developing insecticides to kill pests
v. Developing other chemicals to prevent plant diseases
vi. Biochemists modify the genes of plants
IV. Chemistry Far and Wide
5. The Environment Chemists identify
pollutants and prevent pollution
V. The Scientific Method
Def A logical, systematic approach to solving
problems.
1. Problem a question to be answered, usually
stated as a question.
2. Observations Using your senses to obtain
information about the problem.
3. Hypothesis A proposed explanation for an
observation.
V. The Scientific Method
4. Experiment A procedure used to test your
hypothesis.
a. Manipulated or independent variable a
variable you change.
b. Responding or dependent variable a
variable you observe.
V. The Scientific Method
5. Conclusion Analyze experimental results to
form theories or laws.
a. Theory a well tested explanation for a set
of observations.
- Tries to explain why, but can never be
proven
b. Law a concise statement that summarizes
results of many observations.
- A law is simply a statement of fact that does
not try to explain.
 End of Chapter 1
Read and study the rest of the
chapter on your own for the test.
Pay attention to vocabulary!
Start off the year with a good test
grade! Dont underestimate this test!