Chemical and Physical Changes

of Organic Compounds

04/11/17 2.5
 Organic Compounds

organic
Questions Notes
inorganic Notes
elementwords
Vocabulary
compound Notes
Notes Notes
carbohydrate
Formulas
hydrocarbon
protein Notes
Main Ideas Notes
lipid
amino acid
Possible Test Notes
Questions
nucleic acid
Notes
DNA Notes
Key Concepts

Summary of the notes and information learned

 Todays Warm-up
Lets review: Physical and Chemical
Changes

BrainPop!
 Physical vs Chemical Change
Physical changes- form or appearance changes
but composition stays the same- (Example- phase
changes: evaporation, condensation, freezing)

Chemical changes- change the chemical

composition of the substance- chemical bonds are
broken and reformed. Burning changes wood to
ash, smoke, gases

Chemical changes happen at the molecular

level, result in new products, and are not
easily reversed.
 Physical vs Chemical Change

Changes in matter are constantly occurring

around us.
These changes are either physical or
chemical

Eating is a great example of both! It involves

both physical (chewing with teeth, mixing with
tongue) and chemical (breakdown by saliva,
digestion by stomach acids) changes.
Comparing you to the Earth

5
 Some basic chemistry
Copper

Aluminum

Iron

Sulfur

Water?

Salt?

Glucose?

Why arent
the last three
on the table?
Note the way element names are written
Theyre
compounds!
Examples
Some basic chemistry
Elements vs Compounds
 Compound and Mixtures
Lets see what Tim and Moby have to say
about compounds and mixtures!

You should know the

definitions for compounds
and mixtures and be able
explain the differences.
 Elements

Atomic view of the Atomic view of the

atoms of the molecules of the
element argon (gas element nitrogen
phase). (gas phase).
 Compounds

Atomic view of the molecules of the

compound water (gas phase). Oxygen
atoms are red and hydrogen atoms are
white.
 Mixture
s

Microscopic view of a gaseous mixture

containing two elements (argon and
nitrogen) and a compound (water).
All life as we know it is made
up of organic compounds.
 Todays Warmup
What does that word mean- organic???
What does that word mean-
compound???

In you lab-book write a definition in your

own words. Dont worry if it turns out to
be incorrect or only partially correct, just
write what you think.
 Organic compounds always have
carbon joined to itself or hydrogen,
and other elements like oxygen, and
nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.
There are organic compounds that
make up you!- your hair, your skin,
even your fingernails And carbon
is a part of all of the compounds.
 So, why is carbon such a special
element?

Watch a video!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypbb9Zi5Tao
 Virtually
every part
of our
bodies is
made with
large
amounts
of this
element.
 Why is carbon such a special
element?
Each carbon atom can form strong, stable bonds
with four other atoms at a time these are usually
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and
phosphorus atoms.

Carbon can also bond to other carbon atoms to

form chains that are almost unlimited in length.

This creates a huge number and variety

of molecules that can be built from
carbon atoms. No other element even
comes close!
Imagine carbon as a 4-sided Lego from
which you could build a huge variety
of things!
 Virtually every
part of your
body is made
up of these
large organic
molecules that
are based on
chains of
carbon atoms.
 Chemistry of the Human
Body
Lets see what Tim and Moby have to say
about the elements, atoms, and
molecules that make up the human body!
 Organic Building Blocks

Hydrocarbons are the simplest of the organic compounds.

As the name suggests, hydrocarbons are made from
hydrogen and carbon.
EXAMPLE
S:

CH4
 Organic Building Blocks

Saltine Mini-Lab!
The name, carbohydrates, is a
good one because it indicates
carbon and water (hydrogen
and oxygen).

Remember, dehydrated means

loss of water, and to be
 Saltine Mini-Lab
EXPLORE Digestion Changes
1. Have students place a soda cracker on a paper towel
and crush the
cracker with their hand.
How did the cracker change?
Was this change a physical or chemical change for
the cracker? Explain.

2. Have students take the second cracker and chew it for

about a minute. Caution students not to swallow the
cracker.
What was the first taste you noticed in your mouth?
What was the second taste you notice?
 Saltine Mini-Lab
EXPLORE Digestion Changes
Instructional Note:
Students may have to hold the cracker in their mouth for
2 min to allow time for the carbohydrates to break down
into sugar. Encourage them to fight the urge to swallow.

Do you think this change in taste indicates a

physical or chemical change?
Soda crackers are high in carbohydrates in the form of starch.
An enzyme in saliva begins breaking down the starch into
sugar. That is why the cracker tasted sweet. Two forms of
digestion occur in the mouth. Physical digestion began when
you chewed the cracker. Chemical digestion occurred when the
saliva started breaking down the starches.
 Organic Building Blocks

Lipids (oils and fats) are

another class of organic
compounds built from
oxygen, hydrogen, and
carbon. It's amazing
what these three
elements can build!
 Organic Building Blocks

Amino acids are the

building block for proteins.

Proteins are made by

connecting amino acids
together.
 Organic Building Blocks

A few amino acids are built by carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Mammals need about 20 amino acids to make the

proteins they need. Only 2 of these are amino acids
containing sulfur.
 Organic Building Blocks

We will end our organic building blocks with the ultimate

building block of living organisms- DNA.

We need just one more element to build it: phosphorus.

 Organic Building Blocks
Review
Hydrocarbons= hydrogen + carbon

Carbohydrates and Lipids = hydrogen, carbon, and

oxygen

Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon,

oxygen, and nitrogen

Some Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon,

oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Nucleic Acids = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,

sulfur, and phosphorus
 One more question
Where do these elements that make
up our bodies come from? I mean,
where did the come from
originally???

They came from exploding stars!

But thats a lesson for another day