Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER TWO
1.
2.
3.
Realism
Realism developed in reaction to a
liberal tradition that realists called
____________________.
Idealism:
Thucydides:
Hans Morgenthau:
Defining and Estimating
Power
A central concept, but difficult to measure
Power (theoretical definition):
However
Elements of Power
State power is a mix of many ingredients.
In/less tangible:
In/less tangible:
Geopolitics
Morality
Operation Just Cause 1989 (Panama) Operation Joint Guard 1997-98 (Bosnia-
Operation Promote Liberty 1990 Herzegovina)
(Panama) Operation Joint Forge 1998-99 (Bosnia-
Operation Desert Shield 1990-91 (SW Herzegovina)
Asia) Operation Joint Guardian 1999-2000 (Kosovo)
Operation Desert Storm 1991 (SW Operations Noble Eagle / Enduring Freedom
Asia) 2001 - 2003 (USA / Afghanistan)
Operation Provide Comfort 1991 Operation Iraqi Freedom I, II & III 2003 -
The International System
States interact within a set of long-
established rules of the game
governing what is considered a state
and how states treat each other.
Together these rules shape the
international system.
Anarchy and Sovereignty
Anarchy (def):
Sovereignty (def):
Security dilemma:
Anarchy, Sovereignty and the
Bush Doctrine
The Bush doctrine:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Balance of Power (BOP)
Def:
BOP theory:
Multipolar system:
Bipolar system:
Unipolar system:
Instances:
For the hegemon to provide stability, it must:
1.
2.
3.
Ambivalence of U.S. hegemony
Internationalist (e.g., ____________________) versus
isolationist moods (________________________)
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1 of the 2 most important alliances
Encompasses Western Europe and North America
Founded in 1949 to oppose and deter Soviet power in
Europe
Countered by the Warsaw Pact (1955); disbanded in
1991
Article 5:
Includes of worlds GDP
First use of force by NATO was in Bosnia in 1994 in
support of the UN.
Biggest issue for NATO is
Figure 2.5
Other Alliances
U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty
2nd of 2 most important treaties
A _____________________________alliance
U.S. maintains nearly 50,000 troops in Japan.
Japan pays the U.S. several billion dollars annually
to offset about half the cost of maintaining these
troops.
Created in 1951 against the potential Soviet threat
to Japan.
Asymmetrical :
Other U.S. alliances:
De facto alliances:
Figure 2.6
Strategy: Statecraft
Statecraft (def):
Compellence (def):
Cooperate Defect
As Cooperate A=3 ; B=3 A=1 ; B=4
decision Defect A=4 ; B=1 A=2 ; B=2
The Prisoners Dilemma
India/Pakistan nuke example: Should each state build
nukes?
2 rational actors, India (A) and Pakistan (B)
Preferences for India:
1. Build nukes while Pakistan doesnt
2. Neither side builds nukes
3. Both sides build nukes
4. Dont build nukes while Pakistan does
Preferences for Pakistan: the same as India
Pakistans decision
Cooperate Defect
Indias Cooperate A=3 ; B=3 A=1 ; B=4
decision Defect A=4 ; B=1 A=2 ; B=2