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  • Gram Positive Bacillus that Causes Anthrax

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    Risal Didin
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    This document summarizes key information about anthrax, including that it is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It describes the vegetative and spore forms of the bacterium and their differences in resistance. The document outlines the three main types of anthrax in humans - cutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal - and their symptoms. Laboratory tests for diagnosis and identifying the causative bacteria are also summarized, as well as treatments including antibiotics and vaccines.

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    anthrax

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    Bacillus Anth Rac Is

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    This document summarizes key information about anthrax, including that it is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It describes the vegetative and spore forms of the bacterium and their differences in resistance. The document outlines the three main types of anthrax in humans - cutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal - and their symptoms. Laboratory tests for diagnosis and identifying the causative bacteria are also summarized, as well as treatments including antibiotics and vaccines.

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    47 views17 pages

    Gram Positive Bacillus that Causes Anthrax

    Uploaded by

    Risal Didin
    This document summarizes key information about anthrax, including that it is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It describes the vegetative and spore forms of the bacterium and their differences in resistance. The document outlines the three main types of anthrax in humans - cutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal - and their symptoms. Laboratory tests for diagnosis and identifying the causative bacteria are also summarized, as well as treatments including antibiotics and vaccines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 17

    Cause of anthrax

    Aerobic,
    Gram positive
    sporulating
    capsulated
    non-motile bacilli. BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
    (GRAM STAIN)
    Resistance
    Vegetative forms are destroyed 600C in
    30min.
    Spore form viable for years in soil
    Autoclaving kills anthrax spores
    4% KmNo4 in 15 mts - kills anthrax
    spores
    Susceptible to many antibiotics like
    pencillin etc.,
    ANTIGENS
    Important antigen:
    Capsular antigen

    Other antigens:
    Cell wall polysaccharide antigens
    Somatic protein antigens
    Pathogenesis
    Animals get infection
    rarely by contact with
    infected animals
    Ingestion of spores
    very common.
    Infected animals
    discharge more
    anthrax bacilli from
    mouth, nose & rectum
    sporulation in soil
    survive for years
    source for other
    animal
    HUMAN ANTHRAX
    Accidental infection
    Secondarily infected
    from diseased animal
    Three clinical types
    - Cutaneous anthrax
    most common
    - Pulmonary anthrax
    less common
    - Intestinal anthrax very
    rare
    CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
    Spores enter thro
    abraded skin
    Germinate & Multiply at
    the site of entry.
    Localised lesions - Face,
    neck & hand.
    Papule vesicle
    pustular centrally
    necrosed black
    coloration.
    PULMONARY ANTHRAX
    Inhalation of the dust or
    filaments of wool from
    infected animals,
    particularly in wool
    factories ( wool sorters
    disease)
    Haemotogenous spread
    50% meningitis
    INTESTINAL ANTHRAX

    Consumption of improperly cooked


    infected meat.
    Causes violent enteritis with bloody
    diarrhoea

    All clinical conditions lead to septicaemic anthrax if


    not treated early Highly fatal!!!
    Laboratory diagnosis
    Pus from pustules cutaneous anthrax
    Sputum pulmonary anthrax
    Stool / suspected food intestinal
    anthrax
    Blood septicaemic anthrax
    Gram stain

    Microscopy
    Gram stain for
    bacilli demonstration
    McFadyeans
    reaction for
    capsule McFadyaens reaction
    demonstration.
    Spore staining for
    spore demonstration. Spore stain
    Culture

    SELECTIVE MEDIA
    PLET MEDIUM POLYMYXIN, LYSOZYME, EDTA & THALLOUS
    ACETATE
    Culture
    Other non-selective
    media
    Nutrient agar
    colonies medusa
    head appearance on
    low power
    microscopy
    Blood agar usually
    non-haemolytic
    Nitrate reduction test

    Nitrate negative Nitrate positive


    ANIMAL INOCULATION
    Mouse/ guinea pigs are injected with
    specimens.
    Animal dies in 48 hrs
    Examine bacilli in blood of dead animal.
    TREATMENT
    Pencillin
    Erythromycin
    Antitoxins in emergency cases

    ANIMAL VACCINE
    Sterne vaccine
    HUMAN VACCINE
    Alum Precipitated Toxoid
    3 doses intramuscularly at intervals of 6 weeks and 6 months
    Booster dose after one year.

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