Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bhupinderjit Singh
Agenda
GSM Networks RF Optimization , Related
Stats and Parameters
DAY 1 - 27th July
Network Performance related stats.
Network Performance related parameters.
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Overview
During Optimization all activities go Hand
in Hand, just like a jigsaw puzzle until all
pieces fit together you wont get the desired
picture.
Drive
Test Physical
PARAMETERS
STATS activities
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Need For Optimization
Optimization objective is to extract the best performance
from the network, at any given phase of the lifecycle of the
network
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Optimization Flow Chart
Monitor
network
KPIs
Analyze Implement
data Changes
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Optimisation Process
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INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK
PERFORMANCE STATS
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Performance Statistics
ALLOC_SDCCH RF loss on TCH
ALLOC_SDCCH_FAIL RF loss on SDCCH
ALLOC_TCH HANDOVERS_PER_C (H)
ALLOC_TCH_FAIL CONGEST_EXIST_HO_ATMPT
AVAILABLE_SDCCH
CONN_REFUSED
CONN_REQ_TO_MSC
AVAILABLE_TCH
HANDOVER_FAILURE_RATE
BUSY_SDCCH
HANDOVER_SUCCESS_RATE
BUSY_TCH TCH_RF_LOSS_RATE
C_SETUP_SUCCESS_RATE SDCCH_BLOCKING_RATE
MAX_TCH_BUSY
C_SETUP_TCH_BLOCKIN_RATE PAGE_REQ_FROM_MSC
C_SUCCESS_RATE PAGE_RESPONSE
C_VOLUME PAGING_SUCCESS_RATE
CHAN_REQ_CAUSE_ATMPT TCH_BLOCKING_RATE
CHAN_REQ_MS_BLK
CHAN_REQ_MS_FAIL
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Performance Statistics
Att_U/L_qual
Att_D/L_qual
SDCCH_RF_LOSS_RATE
TCH_BLOCKING_RATE
TCH_MEAN_HOLDING_TIME
TCH_TRAFFIC_CARRIED
CHAN_REQ_MS_FAIL_ROLL
MA_FAIL_FROM_MS
DROP_CALL_RATE
Carrier Statistics
IOI (mean/max/min)
BER (u/l & d/l)
PATH_BALANCE
RF_LOSSES (Carrier wise)
ROC (Range of Carrier)
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Performance Statistics
Neighbor Stats
OUT_HO_NC_CAUSE_ATMPT.
UPQUAL Handovers due to uplink quality.
UPLEVEL Handovers due to uplink level.
DOWNQUAL Handovers due to downlink quality.
DOWNLEVEL Handovers due to downlink level.
DISTANCE Handovers due to distance.
UPINTERF Handovers due to uplink interference.
DOWNINTERF Handovers due to downlink interference.
POWERBDGT Handovers due to power budget.
CONGESTION Handovers due to congestion.
ADJ_CHAN_INTF Handovers due to adjacent channel
interference.
OUT_HO_NC_SUCC
IN_INTRA_BSS_NC_ATMPT
IN_INTRA_BSS_NC_SUC
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NETWORK PERFORMANCE
RELATED PARAMETERS
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1) Rolling averages.
3) Power Control
4) Handovers
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ROLLING AVERAGES
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MS Measurement Cycle
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BSS Rolling Averages
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N and P Voting Mechanism
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HREQAVE/HREQT and N/P
Relationship
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CELL SELECTION / RESELECTION
AND
CHANNEL RECONFIGURATIONS
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MS Access Power Output
ms_txpwr_max_cch = <*>
* for GSM900/EGSM/GSM850
* GSM1800/PCS1900
2 = 39 dBm 0 = 30 dBm
. 1 = 28 dBm
. 2 = 26 dBm
. .
19 = 5 dBm .
.
15 = 0 dBm
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Cell Selection/Reselection
C1: = (A Max (B, 0))
A: = (Rxlev Average p1) p2 = ms_txpwr_max_cch = <
* for GSM900
B: = p2 Max RF Power of MS
2 = 39 dBm
p1 = rxlev_access_min = <*>3 = 37 dBm
.
* 0 = -110 dBm .
1 = -109 dBm 19 = 5 dBm
2 = -108 dBm For DCS1800
. 0 = 30 dBm
. 1 = 28 dBm
. .
.
63 = -47 dBm
15 = 0 dBm
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Cell Reselection C2
C2 = C1 + cell_reselect_offset - temporary_offset*H
1 = 2 dB
C2 = C1 cell_reselect_offset 2 = 4 dB
63 = 126 dB
cell_reselect_param_ind = <*>
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Cell Reselection C2
C2 = C1 + cell_reselect_offset - temporary_offset*H
7 = infinity 1 - Low
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Cell Reselection Example
Serving Cell Database Parameters Best Neighbour Cell Database Para
Cell Identity = 234 10 Cell Identity = 234 10 262 042
rxlev_access_min
255 038 = 20 rxlev_access_min = 20
ms_txpwr_max_cch = 5 ms_txpwr_max_cch = 5
cell_reselect_param_ind = 1 cell_reselect_param_ind = 1
cell_reselect_offset = 3
cell_reselect_offset = 2
Temporary_offset = 3
Temporary_offset = 1
Penalty_time = 5
Penalty_time = 12
Rxlev
Average
Serving = -70 dBm
Best neighbour = -63 dBm
cell_reselect_hysteresis = 2
Mobile power class = 2 (8w 39 dBm)
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Channel Reconfiguration
channel_reconfiguration_switch = <*>
* 0 = Reconfiguration not permitted
1 = Reconfiguration permitted
number_sdcchs_preferred = <*>
* Number of SDCCHs
Combined Multiframe 4, 12, 20, 28 44
Non-combined Multiframe 8, 16, 24 48
max_number_of_sdcchs
=*<*>
Number of SDCCHs
Combined Multiframe 4, 12, 20, 28 44
Non-combined Multiframe 8, 16, 24 48
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SDCCH Reconfiguration
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SDCCH Reconfiguration TCH to SDCCH
High water mark = 2 High water mark = 2
Carrier 1 Carrier 2
reconfiguration
not started
SDCCH preferred = 16 Max no SDCCH = 24
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SDCCH Reconfiguration SDCCH to TCH
Carrier 1 Carrier 2
SDCCH preferred = 16
Max no SDCCH = 24
ccch_conf = 0
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POWER CONTROL
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Signal Strength Measurements
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MS Measurements
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Quality Measurements
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BSS Processing and Threshold
Companions
Reported by MS
Downlink Quality
Performed by RSS
Uplink Quality
MS BS Distance
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MS/BSS Power Control
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Standard Power Control
decision_alg_num = 0
bts_p_con_ack and ms_p_con_ack timers are not used.
decision_alg_num = 1
bts_p_con_ack and ms_p_con_ack timers are used.
Quality takes precedence!
Decision_alg_number = 1
INCREASE
RxQual > l_rxqual_ul_p
&
RxLev > u_rxlev_ul_p
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Power Control Parameters (1)
decision_alg_number = 0
Timing ...
nd nd nd nd
mma dge mma mma mma
Co e Co Co Co
r owl r r r
we kn w e we we
Po ac Po Po Po
p_con_interval p_con_interval
al v al
t er v i nt er
_i n _
co n
p_ con
p_
Command Acknowledged Command Not Acknowledged
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Power Control Parameters (2)
decision_alg_number = 1
Timing ...
s
d d d i re nd
an an an xp ma
mm ge mm mm ke
o l ed o o a c
Co
m
er
C ow er
C
er
C
on_ r
w kn w w p_
c we
Po ac Po Po Po
a ck val k val
o n_ t e r
n_ac nte
r
p_c _i n o _ i
o n p_c con
p_c p_
decision_alg_number = 1
Timing ...
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Power Control Parameters (4)
PC initiated
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POWER CONTROL OPTIMISATION
UL RxLev DL RxLev
u_rxlev_dl_p = 35
u_rxlev_ul_p = 30 -75
-80 4 n1 = 2 dBm hreqave = 2
dBm hreqave = 2 p1 = 1 hreqt = 2
hreqt = 2 -85
l_rxlev_dl_p = 25
-90 n2 = 2 dBm
dBm l_rxlev_ul_p = 20 2 p2 = 2
UL RxQual DL RxQual
1
u_rxqual_ul_p = 40 4 n3 = 2 1
u_rxqual_dl_p = 40
p3 = 1
3 3
l_rxqual_ul_p = 114 n4 = 2 l_rxqual_dl_p = 114
5 2 p4 = 2 5
l_rxqual_ul_p_hopping = 450 l_rxqual_dl_p_hopping = 450
hreqave = 2 ; hreqt = 2
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Separate uplink & downlink step sizes
2,4dB
pow_red_step_size_ul
pow_red_step_size
pow_red_step_size_dl
* The increment step size must be >= the decrement step size
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Power Control - BSS
Threshold
l_rxlev_dl_p = <*>
u_rxlev_dl_p = <*>
* Range 0 63 (-110 to -47 dBm)
Comparison
decision_1_n1 = <*>
decision_1_p1 = <*>
decision_1_n2 = <*>
decision_1_p2 = <*>
* 1 31 Averages
n1, p1 = power increase
n2, p2 = power decrease
p out of n averages must exceed threshold
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BTS Power Control
bts_power_control_allowed = <*>
* 0 - disabled
1 enabled
bts_p_con_ack = <*>
0 = 0 SACCH multiframes
1 = 2 SACCH multiframes
2 = 4 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
31 = 62 SACCH multiframes
Default = 2
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Power Control - MS
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Power Control - MS
Threshold
l_rxlev_ul_p = <*>
u_rxlev_ul_p = <*>
* Range 0 63 (-110 to -47 dBm)
Comparison
decision_1_n1 = <*>
decision_1_p1 = <*>
decision_1_n2 = <*>
decision_1_p2 = <*>
* 1 31 Averages
n1, p1 = power increase
n2, p2 = power decrease
p out of n averages must exceed threshold
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MS Power Control
decision_alg_type = <*> ms_p_con_ack = <*>
* 0 Motorola alg * 0 = 0 SACCH multiframes
1 Alternate alg 1 = 2 SACCH multiframes
Default = 0
ms_power_control_allowed = <*> .
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alt_qual_proc
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Power Control - RXQUAL
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Oscillation Prevention for MS
Power Control
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Oscillation Prevention for BTS Power
Control
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Dynamic Power Control
(But Why)
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Optimised/Dynamic Power
Control
dyn_step_adj = <*>
Used to determine whether the dynamic step adjust algorithm
Enabled or disabled
* 0 - disabled (default 0)
1 enabled (excludes power reduction)
2 enabled (includes power reduction)
dyn_step_adj_fmpr = <*>
Used to control the rapidity of a dynamic power reduction
* 0 10 (default 10)
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Dynamic step size
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Dynamic step size
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Optimised/Dynamic Power
Control
Dynamic power increase due to poor quality
DYN_POW_INCR_XX_Q =
Where:
xx = UL/DL
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Dynamic power increase due to poor RXQUAL
If current power is below lower power threshold, dynamic step size will
increase power to a standard step size above the lower power
threshold. Otherwise dynamic step size will be by the standard step
size.
e.g. If poor rxqual AND power level is below lower power threshold...
Power level
u_rxlev_ul_p
Power
Window
Dynamic
l_rxlev_ul_p
step size Standard step size
pow_inc_step_size_ul
Current power level
current_rxlev_ul
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Optimised Power Control
DYN_POW_INCR_XX_L =
Where:
xx = UL/DL
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Optimised Power Control
DYN_POW_RED_XX_L =
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Optimised Power Control
DYN_POW_RED_XX_Q =
dyn_step_adj_fmpr
max (pow_red_step_size_xx, flow( x
(av_rxlev_xx u_rxlev_xx_p)) 10
Where:
xx = UL/DL
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Dynamic power reduction due to
good RXQUAL
where valid range for dyn_step_adj_fmpr is 0 - 10
chg_element dyn_step_adj_fmpr 10 1 cell_number=0
010111
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Dynamic power reduction due to good RXQUAL
e.g. If good rxqual AND current power level is above the upper
threshold AND dyn_step_adj_fmpr is 10 / 5.
Power level
Dynamic current_rxlev_ul
step size 100%
Current power level
u_rxlev_ul_p
Dynamic Power
Window
step size 50%
l_rxlev_ul_p
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BTS power downlink oscillations
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BTS power downlink oscillations
Power level
Is current_rxlev_dl
u_rxlev_dl_p
less than this level??
Standard step size
pow_red_step_size_dl
l_rxlev_dl_p
2dB
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HANDOVERS
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Handover Procedure
Purpose is to completely modify the channel allocated to the MS and is
only used when in RR connected mode i.e. cell changed, change in
channel configuration
Disconnection of main signalling link and other links via local end
release (layer 2) and disconnection of TCHs, if any
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Successful Handover
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Handover Command
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Handover Command
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HANDOVER ACCESS
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HANDOVER COMPLETE
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Handover Cause Priority
UL RXQUAL
(UL INTERFERENCE)
DL RXQUAL
(DL INTERFERENCE)
UL RXLEV
DL RXLEV
DISTANCE
POWER BUDGET
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First Criterion
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Second Criterion
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Handover Decision Procedure
HO
Evaluate criterion 2
for all neighbours
passing criteria 1
PBGT(n) Ho_margin
Execute the
appropriate
Motorola handover
procedure
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Separate Rxqual Thresholds
Yes RxQual
Thresholds
for Hopping HANDOVER &
Hopping POWER
Call ? CONTROL
RxQual PROCESSES
Thresholds
No for Non-
Hopping
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Quality HO/PC Thresholds for
Hopping
hop_qual_enabled: Enable/Disable alternative thresholds
Prompts for the following parameters:
l_rxqual_dl_h_hopping
l_rxqual_ul_h_hopping
l_rxqual_dl_p_hopping
l_rxqual_ul_p_hopping
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Handover Decision Procedure Qual & Interference
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Uplink/Downlink Qual H/O Processing
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Handover Decision UL Qual/Int
Procedure
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Handover Decision DL Qual/Int
Procedure
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Uplink Level Handover Procedure
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Downlink Level Handover Procedure
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Handover Decision UL Level
Procedure
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Handover Decision DL Level
Procedure
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Handover MS Maximum Range
ms_distance_allowed = <*>
* 0 = disabled
1 = enabled
Default = 0
Threshold
ms_max_range = <*>
0 to 63 bit periods
Default = 0
Comparison
decision_1_n8 = <*>
decision_1_p8 = <*>
* 0 31 Averages
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Distance Handover Procedure
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Timing Advance MS Maximum
Range
timing_advance_period = <*>
* 0 = 0 SACCH multiframes
1 = 2 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
.
.
.
31 = 62 SACCH multiframes
Default = 4
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Decision Procedure
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Power Budget Assessment
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Considering RXLEV Only
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Adapted Power Correction Factor
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Uplink Consideration
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Power Budget Example
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Handover Decision Procedure Pwr Budget
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Handover Decision Procedure
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Bounce Protection
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Intra-cell Handovers
intra_cell_handover_allowed = <*>
* 0 Not performed by BSS
1 Performed by BSS if applicable
2 Not permitted
Default = 1
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Intra-Cell Handovers
intra_cell_handover_allowed
0: Not performed by BSS (controlled by the MSC). Handover required message may contain
server as potential candidate along with other targets
2: Not permitted
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Time Limitation for Excessive
Intra-cell Handovers
If a cell has bad interference for all timeslots, intra-cell handovers
can be continuously done
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Time Limitation for Excessive
Intra-cell
A per Handovers
cell parameter hop_count, determines the number of intra-cell hops one mobile will
do before doing the inter-cell handover
When the first intra-cell handover occurs, start a timer for hop_count_timer SACCH
periods
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Time Limitation for Excessive Intra-
cell Handovers
CELL A
1
n+1
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Intra-cell Handovers
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Handovers Allowed
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed = <*>
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed = <*>
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed = <*>
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed = <*>
* 0 - disabled
1 - enabled
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover RXLEV, RXQUAL
Threshold
l_rxlev_ul_h = <*>
l_rxlev_dl_h = <*>
* Range 0 63 (-110 to -47 dBm)
l_rxqual_ul_h = <*>
l_rxqual_dl_h = <*>
* 0 1810 steps of 0.01%
Comparison
decision_1_n5 = <*>
decision_1_p5 = <*>
decision_1_n6 = <*>
decision_1_p6 = <*>
* 1 31 Averages
n5, p5 = RXLEV
n6, p6 = RXQUAL
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Handover RXLEV, RXQUAL
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CASE STUDY
QUALITY HANDOVERS
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Problem Faced Without Qual HOs
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DCR comparison Before/After Qual Ho
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Tch Rf Loss comparison Before/After
Qual Ho
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Incoming Handovers
en_incom_ho = <*>
Default 1
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Handover Reporting
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Handover Evaluating
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Handover Rejection
Handover_required_reject_switch
1: BSS expects to receive a "handover required reject" message from the MSC. Any
internal cells that are candidates for the handover will not be included in the
"Handover Required" message. On receipt of the "Handover Required Reject"
message the BSS will perform an internal handover if there are valid candidates.
0: BSS will not expect to receive a "Handover Required Reject" message from the
switch and will include internal candidates in the "HO Required" message.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Power Level
handover_power_level = <*> * = DCS1800 and PCS1900
* = GSM900/GSM850 0 30 dBm
2 39 dBm 1 28 dBm
. 2 26 dBm
. .
. .
19 5 dBm .
15 0 dBm
31 32 dBm
30 34 dBm
29 36 dBm
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Calculated Handover Power Level
use_derived_ho_power = <*>
* 0 = use handover_power_level
1 = use calculated handover level
Default = 0
C = u_rxlev_ul_p + l_rxlev_ul_p =
2
centre of target cells uplink power window
D = max_tx_ms of target cell
P = power class of mobile
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Default Information
ms_txpwr_max_def = <*>
* 5 39 (GSM900/GSM850/EGSM) (odd)
0 36 (DCS1800) (even)
0 32 (PCS1900) (even & 33)
ho_margin_def = <*>
* -63 to +63 dB
Default = 8
rxlev_min_def = <*>
* 0 = -110 dBm
1 =-109 dBm
2 = -108 dBm
.
.
63 = -47 dBm
Default = 15 (-95dBm)
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rr_t3103
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Handover Channel Establishment
rr 3105
start
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Handover Channel Establishment
rr_t3105 = <*>
* 0 to 200 (in 20 ms steps)
Default 60
rr_ny1_rep = <*>
* number of repetitions
0 to 200
Default 20
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RADIO LINK LOSS
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RSS Uplink Failure Detection
Link_fail => 3
This governs the number of missing uplink SACCH messages
which should occur before a radio-link-loss is determined.
The default value is 4 representing 20 SACCH periods,
which is 9.6s. This is value is long, since the loss of uplink
SACCH indicates that uplink audio is also lost, and so the
subscriber will certainly terminate the call within this
period.
The recommended value for link_fail is 3, which represents
16 SACCH periods (7.7s). This value is commonly used in the
networks.
The benefit of decreasing this value is that the holding time
of the channel following any radio loss will be reduced by
2.2s hence also resulting in the gain in terms of capacity.
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RSS Uplink Failure Detection
link_fail = <*>
* 0 = 4 SACCH multiframes
1 = 8 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
15 = 64 SACCH multiframes
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RSS Uplink Failure Detection
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Radio Link Timeout
radio_link_timeout = <*>
* 0 = 4 SACCH multiframes
1 = 8 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
15 = 64 SACCH multiframes
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
RSS Downlink failure timer
Radio_link_timeout => 3
This governs the number of missing downlink SACCH
messages which should occur before a radio-link-loss is
determined. The current setting is 4, representing 20
SACCH periods (9,6s). It is recommended that this be set to
3, to correspond with the suggested setting for link_fail.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Radio Link Timeout
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Radio Link Revival DL / UL
link_about_to_fail
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Radio Link Revival
full_power_rfloss = <*>
* 0 = disabled
1 = enabled
Default = 0
link_about_to_fail = <*>
* 0 = 0 SACCH multiframes
1 = 4 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
15 = 60 SACCH multiframes
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Link Failure
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Normal Channel Release
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Normal Channel Release
rr_t3109 = <*>
(valid range 0 to 1000000)
default value 14400
* milliseconds
rr_t3111_tch/sd = <*>
(valid range 0 to 1000000
default value 1500
* milliseconds
rr_t3111_tch/sd = rr_t3110
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
KPI Monitoring And Flow
Charts To Rectify KPI
Issues.
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Why QoS is Important?
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KPIs
For Optimizing a Network , we need to maintain the
following KPIs :
ASSIGNMENT RATE (Call Setup Success Rate)
SDCCH ASSIGNMENT
TCH ASSIGNMENT
CONGESTION
SDCCH CONGESTION
TCH CONGESTION
DROP RATES
SDCCH DROP RATE
TCH DROP RATE
HANDOVER PERFORMANCE
HANDOVER FAILURE RATE
HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE
QUALITY
DOWNLINK QUALITY
UPLINK QUALITY
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Assignment Rate
Assignment rate is the measure of how efficient and
successful is a Network in allocating the resources.
Possible Causes:
Interference.
Link Balance.
Congestion.
Access failure.
Hardware.
Others.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Call Establishment
sms_init_on_sdcch
- sdcch_congestion timer
chan_req_cause_atmpt
ok_acc_proc_suc_rac
ms_access_by_type
- ber/path_balance
conn_req_to_msc
- busy_sdcch+1
access_per_rac
access_per_agc
ok_acc_proc
alloc_sdcch
assigned)
CONNECTION
start
0..7
0..7
0..4
ESTABLISHED
sdcch_con
rr_t310
h
h
MS
h
C CC
R
timer
1
CREF
g
pch_q_page_discar
if
d timer
if
conn_refused
access_per_pch expires
inv_est_cause_on_rac timer
expires
h
pch_agch_q_length chan_req_ms_fail alloc_sd_fa
il
page_req_from_ms CONNECTION
c REFUSED
MS chan_req_ms_blk
C ok_acc_proc: ms_access_by_type:
page_req_ms_fail 0: 0: ms_pgsm_only
chan_req_cause_at cm_serv_req_emerg 1: ms_dcs1800_only
mpt: 1: cm_serv_req_call 2: ms_pcs1900_only
page_req_from_msc_fail 0: originating_call 2: cm_serv_req_sms 3: ms_pgsm_egsm
1: emergency_call 3: 4: ms_pgsm_dcs1800
2: cm_serv_req_supp 5:
cm_reestablishment 4: cm_reestablish ms_pgsm_egsm_dcs1800
3: location_updating 5: page_response 6: ms_pgsm_pcs1900
4: paging_response 6: imsi_detach 7:
7: location_updated ms_pgsm_egsm_pcs1900
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Call Establishment 2
The following statistics are pegged here:
- tch_usage/ms_access_by_type
- ms_tch_usage_by_type/tch_usage_ext_range/tch_usage_inner_zone
- busy_tch+1
- ber/path_balance
- chan_dl_tx_pwr_lvl/chan_ul_tx_pwr_lvl/uplink_path_loss
- tch_congestion/tch_cong_inner_zone (if all tchs are now used)
tch_assign_to_inner_zone
tch_assign_to_inner_zone
- zone_change_atmpt:
- zone_change_atmpt:
ma_complete_to_m
sdcch_congestion
ma_cmd_to_ms
- busy_sdcch-1
timer stop if
- total_calls
- alloc_tch
running
(Bin 3)
(Bin 3)
CONNECTIO
sc
N
-
ESTABLISHE
D
alloc_tch_f
ail
ma_fail_from
_ms
ma_req_from_msc
- busy_tch-1
- tch_usage/ms_access_by_type
clr_req_to_m - tch_congestion timer stop if
sc running
ma_cmd_to_ms_b (= lost
lkd calls)
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Call Setup failures for MOC
1. MSC rejections CREF, CM Service Reject
2. SD RF losses Clear Requests (before assignment
request message)
3. User initiated CM Service Abort, Disconnect, IMSI
detach
4. SETUP/Proceeding Release Completes
losses
5. Assignment failure TCH blocking and the failure of the mobile
station to access the target TCH channel with
subsequent successful re-establishment on the
SDCCH channel. The cause value is no radio
resource available and radio interface failure
6. SD RF losses Clear Request (after assignment request
message) TCH Assignment Failures (Lost MS)
due to the failure of the mobile to access the
target TCH channel and failure to re-establish on
the SDCCH channel
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Causes of Poor Call Success Rate
C a ll S u c c e s s R a te
C a ll S e t u p S u c e s s R a t e D r o p C a ll R a t e
M S C A s s ig n m e n t A t t e m p t R a t e T C H R F L o s s R a te H O L o s s R a te
(M A _ R E Q _ F R O M _ M S C )
BAD GOOD
In te r-B S S H O L o s s
C O N N R e fu s e d T C H B lo c k in g
In tra -B S S H O L o s s
SD R F Loss T C H A s s ig n m e n t S u c c e s s
I n t r a - c e ll H O L o s s
C ip h e r M o d e F a i l
( T S M I, I M S I)
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MSC access failure causes
MSC Connection
Paging overflow
causing discard
Missing Pages
Not enough
access grant
block reserved
SDCCH Block
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SDCCH access failure (Blocking excluded)
Low SDCCH Access
Success Rate
Hardware problem.
Check per carrier
chan_req_ms_fail
and alarm
Overshooting
A hardware failure may have occurred if a BSS has timed out before allowing an MS to establish a
call (when SDCCH resources are available for an immediate TCH assignment).
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Utilising 3212 for SD access rate and
capacity optmisation
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Utilising Hystersis for SD access and
capacity optmisation
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Low Call Setup Success Rate Cause
Call Setup
Success
Improper setting on
SDCCH RF Loss ms_txpwr_max_cch &
ms_txpwr_max_def
Hardware problem.
Check per carrier
Cipher Mode Fail
chan_req_ms_fail and
alarm
MSC send
CONNECTION Overshooting
REFUSED
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Call Setup Parameters - MTC
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Call Setup Parameters - MTC
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Battery v/s MTC setup time
bs_pa_mfrms => 6
This controls the repetition rate of paging transmissions for
each Paging Group. A small value of bs_pa_mfrms minimises
MS-terminated call setup time, a larger value reduces idle-
mode power consumption in the MS.
In modern GSM handsets, which incorporate a low-power
chipset, idle-mode power consumption is almost directly
proportional to the value of bs_pa_mfrms. Thus if bs_pa_mfrms
is doubled, the idle-mode battery life of the MS is almost
doubled.
The current database setting of bs_pa_mfrms is set to 2. This
gives a Paging Group repetition period of 4 multiframes, which
is 940ms.
It is recommended that bs_pa_mfrms be increased to 6, giving a
repetition period of 8 multiframes (1880ms). This will increase
MS-terminated Call Setup time but will dramatically improve
the idle-mode battery life of the latest MSs by up to 2 times.
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Paging Delay v/s Batt. Life
Relative
Paging Mean Paging Battery
bs_pa_ Group Paging delay in Life (Idle
mfrms Period (ms) Delay (ms) Seconds Mode)
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
SDCCH Blocking
High SDCCH
Blocking
Find Faulty TS
BUSY_SD_MAX = SDs from BER
NO
Equipped statistics or
alarm
YES
NO
Check neighbor
IN_INTRA_BSS_H
O_RETURN &
A lot of OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN
YES IN_INTER_BSS_H
& OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_RETURN
O_SEIZE, if
high, check
neighbor FP.
NO
Neighbor TX power is
reduced
Missing Neighbor or
Incorrect neighbor Overshooting
database
NUMBER_SDCCH_PREFERRED is
Inappropriate C1, C2
not enough
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Timer rr_t3101
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SDCCH Capacity gain through T3101
T3101 => 1500
This timer is used during the establishment of the SDCCH, and is
used to guard against the situation where the MS fails to access
the SDCCH. When accessing the SDCCH, the MS can transmit up
to 6 SABMs at intervals of 235ms.
This means that T3101 only needs to be greater than 6*0.235s =
1.41s. Therefore it is recommended that T3101 be be reduced
from its current value of 2000 ms set to 1500ms.
Example: BTS SDCCH mean holding time = (busy_sdcch /
alloc_sdcch) * Interval length = (0.68/367) * 1800sec = 3.36 sec. In
this time the number of failed channel requests were 44
(chan_req_ms_fail). Mulitiplied by 2000 ms gives 88 sec. Reducing
this to 1500 ms gives 66 sec. The number of successful assigned
SDCCHs is 323 (alloc_sdcch - chan_req_ms_fail), times 3.36 sec
(mean holding time) is 1085 sec.
This number increased by 88 sec and compared by a increase of 66
sec gives 2 % (22/1085) SDCCH capacity gain with no adverse
effects !!
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TCH Blocking
High TCH Blocking
Find Faulty TS
BUSY_TCH_MAX = from BER
NO
TCHs Equipped statistics or
alarm
Coverage Hole, improper Neighbor Cell Outage or Add radio with adding a
downtilt & orientation own cell carrier outage new cabinet
Neighbors' BCCH
GCLK Shift. Check Alaram
Interfered, BSIC can't be
GCLK 4, 14, 230
Neighbor TX power is decoded
reduced
Overshooting
Long Timer Setting
- Enable
1. Intra-BSS HO: rr_t3103
POOR_INITIAL_ASSIGNMENT &
2. Channel Release: rr_t3109
MS_MAX_RANGE
Site Reconfiguration. If
Shift traffic between
BUSY_TCH_MAX - 8 >
layers
Equipped TCH
Find neighbor which has
high IN_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN
and IN_INTER_BSS_HO_SEIZE
Missing neighbor or
Shift traffic between
incorrect neighbor
BANDS
database
YES
Check neighbor
frequency plan
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RF loss rate
SDCHC & TCH RF Loss
Check neighbor
A lot of OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN IN_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN &
YES
& OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_RETURN IN_INTER_BSS_HO_SEIZE, if
high, check neighbor FP.
NO
OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_REQ -
OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_ATTEMPT Find blocking
& neighbors by
YES
OUT_INTER_BSS_REQ_TO_MSC - HO_NO_RESOURC
OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_ATTEMPT ES
are LARGE
NO
Neighbors' BCCH
Path Balance
interfered, BSIC Delay Handover
> 120; <100
can't be decoded
External
Interference Neighbor Cell
Negative handover
e.g. Wideband Outage
Repeator
GCLK Shift, no
Use inappropriate
handover to No handover
ARFCNs
adjacent sites
HO Loss
For Ericsson MSC, if cells are neighbours in
the same LAC there is no need to declare
them
as neighbours in the switch. If they are
Poor HDPC setting from different LAC's they have to be
declared as neighbours in both MSC's.
Late Ho
Improper setting of
Large hreqave X hreqt handover_recognised
_period and bssmap_t7
Improper HO algorithm
Large HO_MARGIN
(Type 1-7)
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Neighbor analysis
Neighbour lists are difficult to keep up-to-date. Often neighbours are never
deleted as new cells are commissioned and cells which were previously
neighbours should not be any more.
Also, the difficulty in predicting cell coverage areas means that often
mobiles are using cells in non expected areas and hence no neighbours were
planned.
By temporarily over-populating the neighbour list, all mobiles will report
back all neighbouring cells that they can detect, whether they are in the
neighbour list or not. Any neighbours that are found in this way could
represent a missing neighbour. Each missing neighbour represents a
potential dropped call due to the absence of handover when required. On the
other hand, there could be neighbours with no reports that should be deleted
or neighbours found in the measurement reports that should not be reported.
Note :
One should overpopulate the Neighbor list for any new site in the Network.
Once the site is on Air for around 3-4 days , the per neighbor stats can be
analyzed and corrective measures like deleting , changing margins and even
analyze overshoots can be taken care of.
Also one should remember to delete the unnecessary Neighbors which
sometimes remain there even after new sites have been added in the
Network. This can be done by enabling the Neighbor stats for cells initially
with >10 Neighbors and delete the unnecessary neighbors.
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Neighbor analysis
Missing Neighbours
The problem of a cell having a missing neighbour could be
mainly due to a mistake in the neighbour list, or in either the
planning or deletion processes.
First step is to get information directly from the stats or CAT
tool about RF losses per carrier or per cell. If a cell presents a
high value for this statistic (perhaps combined with a high rate
of quality handovers and a high rate of handover failure) a
missing neighbour problem could be present.
Other way is by analysing the drivetest , during drive test one
can very easily identify the missing neighbor by correlating
Neighbor list and Geographic information.
CTP tool can also be utilised for the above purpose. In CTP
adding dummy neighbors and using CTP hot-spot neighbor
analyses can help us to find the strongest candidates which
have not been added as the neighbor or are missed during
updating the neighbor database.
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Quality Issues
Quality
When a cell presents bad performance in the stats (drop call
rate, handover failure, etc.) it is necessary to analyse the
quality on it. A good indicator for the quality in one cell are
the handover per cause stats. There, it can be found the
percentage of quality handovers that are being performed in
the cell. The handover per cause distribution could show
(depending on the complexity of the system) around 45-50%
PBGT Ho and 20% uplink or downlink quality handovers on
average. Some systems could have better figures and others
a little bit worse, but the objective is to identify the cells that
are far away from the average values in the area under
revision.
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Quality Handovers
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Quality Imbalance
It is always useful to verify if the system is unbalanced in
terms of quality, that means it is more sensitive to bad quality
in either the uplink or the downlink. This indicates which side
of the link must be paid more attention considering a more
aggressive power control, handover settings, link balance etc.
It also indicates if the network design is limited interference
wise in the uplink or downlink directions. In the figure below
it is clearly seen that uplink is worse than the downlink.
It is possible not to be affected by any interference or
equipment problem but handover speed problem. If there are
too many reports above the quality handover threshold an
increase of handover speed could be needed .
If there are other neighbours providing better quality, the
best thing is to handover the calls to them quicker.
It could be that it was a coverage problem and nothing can
be done but improve it.
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Quality Imbalance
Bad U/L
where as
D/L is good
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Quality Imbalance Analysis - CTP
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COVERAGE OPTIMISATION
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Coverage Issues
Coverage holes: Places with no coverage or low level coverage, where there is
no dominant server are potential spots of bad quality. In an environment with tight
reuse pattern, and hence higher noise (interference) level, a clear dominant server
cell needs to be identified everywhere. This points need to be identified and new
sites can be required to provide extra coverage.
Excessive Overlap: Cells covering an area bigger than the zone where they are
dominant and serving, are radiating useless power to areas where other cells are
serving. When the same frequencies are reused in all the sites (1x3 reuse) or even
in all the cells (1x1 pattern), this unnecessary overlap is directly translated into
interference.
Cell Over-shooting: Particularly harmful are the situations where the signal of a
cell reaches areas far away from the site with high level, causing downlink
interference, and receiving uplink interference from mobiles far away. In the cases
where the level is high enough to make this cell be the server, mobiles transmit
high power introducing very high uplink interference in the surrounding cells.
Umbrella Cells: Some particular sites placed in high areas, hills, etc. in the fist
stages of the network evolution, to make big coverage areas have become umbrella
cells as the network density has increased. They are creating areas with total
overlap between cells, and taking part of the traffic that should be carried by lower
and closer sites. The level of interference caused by this kind of cells is very high,
especially harmful in the uplink path because these cells receive the signal from a
big amount of mobiles
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Coverage optimisation
Overshooting Communication
Interference
Hole
Overlap
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Coverage optimisation
The objectives of this coverage adjustment plan are the
following ones:
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Coverage optimisation
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Over Shooting Cell
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After Height Reduction and Downtilt
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Coverage optimisation
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Containment of Coverage
The choice of the highest point in an area for a cell site would most
likely only work in low-density suburban or rural areas where the
overall number of sites needed to meet subscriber demands is small.
Frequency reuse would not be necessary and these sites could be
considered as broadcast sites.
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Antenna Separation
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Antenna Separation
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Coverage Estimation
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Containment of Coverage
Antenna Downtilt :
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Mechanical Downtilt
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Mechanical Downtilt
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Electrical Downtilt
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Electrical downtilt
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Electrical downtilt
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Downtilt angle
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Utilizing CTP for Optimization
With the rapid expansion of networks, traditional
optimisation techniques are no longer suitable due to the
high number of dedicated people and time required by these
tasks. To ensure that good optimisation is feasible in large
networks it is necessary to:
Collect data with minimum site visits or drive tests.
Collect large amount of data for every cell in order to
ensure statistical validity.
Ensure that most of the tasks can be analysed and database
changes recommended using automated procedures.
A more optimised network
Less optimisation manpower required per cell, so the same
staffing level can cope with an expanded network.
Better information to allow the skilled optimisers to
concentrate on the most important/difficult areas.
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Utilizing CTP for Optimization
The collection of call_trace data on a per cell basis and its
analysis with CTP
(and sometimes with a simple post-processing of this CTP output
with EXCEL
or similar tools) configure a powerful tool for optimisation and
troubleshooting.
It is a very critical issue, to have relevant data from the network
in order to have an accurate picture of it for optimisation.
Add dummy neighbours previously in all cells so that the mobile
scans all the BCCH frequencies. The following settings are
proposed as an example but they should be changed for each
network if processor performance is affected.
trace_call cell_name="?????????"
Enter trigger event: all
Enter additional data types (Basic is included): all
Enter Measurement Report interval (x480ms): 1
Enter call selector type and value: nth=10
Enter maximum simultaneous calls traced per LCF: 4
Trigger enabled time:
Enter total number of calls to be traced: 250
Trace calls beyond scope?: no
Enter destination for trace data: omc
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Utilizing CTP for Optimization
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Utilizing CTP for Optimization
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Link Unbalance Reason for Poor Qual
Path Balance / Tx & Rx problems
It is not advisable to have the link unbalanced to either the
mobile or the base station sides. Having the link unbalanced
several problems can be detected:
If a cell has the link unbalanced (as happens usually in
towns), to the mobile side, the cell is not giving coverage in its
optimum coverage area, so losses and bad quality will increase
in the downlink direction. The problem will be even higher
inside buildings .
In the opposite side, if the link is unbalanced to the base
station side, losses and bad quality in the uplink will appear.
The reuse pattern that can be implemented in the system will
not be as tight as it could be because of the cell radius, bigger
than necessary and the higher interference that is introduced
in the system then. Also since the U/Link losses will be higher
MSs will be generally transmitting at higher powers resulting
in increase Network interference levels.
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Link Unbalance Reason for Poor Qual
This issue can be analysed by taking the Path Balance Mean
stats for the 2-3 peak hours and analysing them. If the value
is <=102 , then problem is with the downlink and if >= 118 ,
then problem is with the downlink.
To cater this kind of problem we need to analyse the Return
loss of the feeders. If the return loss is greater than
required , then by utilising the Distance to Fault graphs in the
Anritsu site master we can analyse where the fault lies.
For the Uplink path loss, Surf / Surf ports can also be the
issue. One of the ways to analyse this is by swapping the
Receive cables, If the path balance improves then either the
port or the Receive cable is faulty. To add to this sometimes if
the main receive cable is faulty but the diversity cable is ok
,path balance will be good and still there will be higher drops.
For this disable diversity and analyse the path balance stats ,
if it goes bad then straightway we can say there is something
wrong with the other feeder.
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Link Unbalance Analyses - CTP
This problem can be analysed through the CTP Trace Call-Distribution Analysis -
Process Current Data option. Selecting the parameter path_balance (DL-UL) the
transmission path can be evaluated. This graph will show if there is any radio
path problem in the cell, feeders, cables etc. If the transmission and reception
are through the same antenna the distribution should be a gaussian curve
centred in zero, but if there is reception diversity the distribution will be shift to
the negative side. Because of the maximum transmission powers used in this
calculation is set to 43 dBm, if the equipment transmits at lower power
(microcell, pico...) or there is any attenuation set in the parameter max_tx_bts
the curve will shift to negative values.
Sometimes specific problems in the transmission or reception paths and/or
RCUs are behind this unbalance. In order to check any problem with
transmission / reception paths in a cell, it is required to analyse the trace_call
data collected trough Trace Call-Distribution Analysis - Process Current Data or
CTP Trace Call-Distribution Analysis - Process Combined Current Data.
Comparing different carriers in the same cell and looking for any differences in
rxlev and/or rxqual distributions among them, either in the uplink or downlink
directions, it is possible to detect damaged feeders, antennae or poor calibration
in a certain RCU. Obviously, it should be taken into account that the same profile
should be produced for the quality or level distribution when comparing TCHs
using fixed frequencies with other TCHs with fixed frequencies or hopping
TCHs.
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Poor Downlink - CTP
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Poor Uplink - CTP
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INTERFERENCE
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Interference in GSM
Co-channel
Adjacent channel
External
interference
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Co-Channel Interference Source
These may be integral to the communications system related or totally external.
Transmitter spurious emissions will raise the noise floor in the receive band.
Any non-linear device such as the output stage of a transmitter, front end of a
receiver, dissimilar metal junctions in antennas and the tower itself (the rusty-bolt
effect) will generate inter-modulation products. If they fall in the transmit band of the
base station, they will interfere with the mobile receive and if they fall in the receive
band of the base station, they will interfere with signals transmitted by the mobile.
Towers located close by exacerbate receiver blocking.
Competitors towers located far away cause mobile blocking, the near-far problem.
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Interfered Frequency Analysis -CTP
Interfered Frequency
The first clue for detecting if there is interference, is the quality distribution. If the quality
distribution of one carrier does not follow a normal quality distribution (assuming the
compared carriers have the same reuse pattern and they have hopping enabled if it is
enabled in the carrier under comparison), an interference problem can be present.
Below is shown the quality distribution of a carrier being interfered. This carrier is using
a fixed frequency and the quality samples do not decrease from 0 values to 7 values
exponentially.
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Interfered Frequency Analysis -CTP
If
most
MRs
lie
here
then
interf
erenc
e is
there
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Mitigating Effects of Interference
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Adjacent Channel Interference
Adjacent channel interference acceptable level is -9 db or
above.
C / I ad <= -9db
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Drive Test Analysis
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Drive Test Measurements
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Test Phone Measurements Groups
Call Control
1. Call Sequencing
2. Coercive Testing
3. Call Processing Stats
Phone Measurements
1. Idle mode
2. SACCH reports
3. Frequency Hopping info
Displays
1. Graphical
2. Tabular
Protocol Messaging
1. L3 / L2
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Phone Measurements
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Log file Analysis
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Undecoded BCCH (1)
Description:
BSICs cant be decoded in 5s
Usually consider 3 strongest neighbors
Reason:
GCLK shift, only decodes same site BSICs
Channel interference
Non-BCCH carrier, no dedicated spectrum for BCCH
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Undecoded BCCH (2)
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No Handover (1)
Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded and COMMON handover
requirement ( handover margin and min rx level ) is fulfilled
but there is never a handover
Reason:
Missing neighbor
No such neighbor in CM database
Incorrect external neighbor
Target cells LAC/BCCH/BSIC in add_neighbor is different
from those in equip_rtf
Never used OMC-R Proxy Cell to propagate external
neighbor information
Improper setting of hreqt , hreqave , N & P.
Serving cell overshoots/covers too far away
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No Handover (2)
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Delay Handover (1)
Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded but handover occurs in much
later time
Reason:
All possible neighbors suffer blocking
Large hreqt * hreqave
qual_power_flag is enabled, full BTS/MS power must be
reached before handover
Large handover_recognized_period and bssmap_t7 setting
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Delay Handover (2)
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Ping Pong Handover (1)
Description:
Lot of handovers between cells
Time between Handover is around hreqt*hreqave of
such HO cause
Reason:
Improper hardware calibration
Hardware fault
UL/DL interference
Negative handover
Different coverage footprint for antennas of a cell
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Ping Pong Handover (2)
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Negative Handover (1)
Description:
Serving cell hands over to a weaker neighbor
Reason:
ho_only_max_power is enabled
qual_margin_flag is disabled
ho_margin_usage_flag is enabled with negative
ho_margin_rxqual/rxlev
Negative HO_MARGIN
Micro-cellular algorithms are enabled, especially type 5
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Negative Handover (2)
- -
59dBm 66dBm
before after
HO HO
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OverShooting (1)
Description:
Cell shoots at far distance but that location has closer
cells around
Reason:
Overshooting cell has small downtilt, 0 degree!
Overshooting cell has too high altitude
Closer cells have overshooting as well
BSIC of closer cells cant be decoded
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OverShooting (2)
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Over Shooting Cell
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After Height Reduction and Downtilt
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High Overlapping (1)
Description:
Cells have general rxlevel difference within 5dB
Reason:
Overshooting
Too many cells in that area
Poor antenna down tilt
Problem in Antenna Pattern.
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High Overlapping (2)
-65dBm
-65dBm
Over Lapping Area
-65dBm
-65dBm
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
No Dominant Server (1)
Description:
Rxlevel of best neighbors are close to that of serving cell
Reason:
Poor antenna downtilt
Lack of near-by site
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No Dominant Server (2)
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Poor Coverage (1)
Description:
Low rxlevel with poor rxquality
In rural area, rxlevel is less than 15 (-95dBm)
In city center, rxlevel is less than 35 (-85dBm)
Different location has different threshold, noise level is
the key point
Reason:
Lack of cell site
BSIC of dominant server cant be decoded
Dominant server has blocking or cell-bar
Handover problem. E.g. missing & incorrect neighbor,
negative handover, no & delay handover
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Poor Coverage (2)
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Unreasonable Serving Area (1)
Description:
Coverage area of the cell is incoherent to the antenna
direction
Reason:
Wrong cable connection to antennas
Incorrect record of antenna orientation
Incorrect ANTENNA_SELECT
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Unreasonable Serving Area (2)
Cell ID:101
BCCH: 35
Cell Cell
ID:102 ID:103
BCCH: 40 BCCH: 45
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Interference (1)
Description:
High rxlevel with poor rxquality
Reason:
Channel interference
Not using dominant server
No handover
Turn the corner with delay handover
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Interference (2)
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Handover Failure (1)
Description:
MS fails to reach target cell, so return to source cell
MS sends HO FAILURE and UL-SABM to source cell and a
response is received
Reason:
Channel interference
Poor coverage
Hardware issue
Poor Path balance
External interference at UL, like wideband repeator
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Failure (2)
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Handover Loss (1)
Description:
MS fails to reach target cell, but cant return to source
cell
MS sends HO FAILURE and UL-SABM to source cell but
no response
Reason:
Channel interference
Poor coverage
Poor Path Balance
Hardware issue
External interference at UL, like wideband repeater
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Loss (2)
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UL Drop (1)
Description:
BSS doesnt receive UL SACCH for link_fail times
BSS stops transmitting DL power
Reason:
External interference
Channel interference
Poor Path Balance
Hardware issue
Different propagation pattern Tx/Rx antennas.
Faulty ancillary. UL path loss >>> DL path loss
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
UL Drop (2)
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Drop Call (1)
Description:
DL case: Radio_link_timeout counter decreases to 0
UL case: link_fail counter decreases to 0
Layer 2: BSS/MS send SABM/DISC in every T200 for
N200+1 times, and no response from recipient
Reason:
All cases in this presentation
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Drop Call (2)
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Make Your Own Optimization Tool
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Utilizing MS Access
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Summary
Network Performance related stats.
Network Performance related parameters.
Power Control and Handovers.
KPI monitoring and flow charts to rectify
KPI issues.
Coverage Optimization.
Interference.
Drive Test Analysis.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Where to Get More Information
Motorola Manuals :
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.