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Tinea Capitis

A disease caused by T.verrucosum, a superficial fungal infection of the skin of the scalp,
eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a propensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles.

Incubation period : 1-3 week/90-=p]#

Macroscopic Morphology

SDA colony texture : Small, button or disk shaped,

Raised center , Suede-like to
velvety surface , Flat periphery
with some submerged growth

Colony colour: Front- white to cream

Reverse - pigment may vary from
non-pigmented to yellow.
 Microscopic Morphology
1. Hyphae- Broad, irregular with many terminal
intercalary chlamydospores (often in chains)

2. Some of the tips are Broad and Club-shaped,

occasionaly divided giving antler effect

3. Microconidia -Produced when its grown on

thiamine-enriched media, strains prod
clavate to pyriform microconidia borne
singly along the hyphae.

4. Macroconidia-Have a characteristic tail or

string bean shape.
 Risk Factors: Sign and Symptoms
1. Children, who are exposed to other infected children, Itchy patches on the scalp.
particularly at schools, day-care centres for children, Brittle hair
theme parks, play areas, etc.
Painful scalp
2. Individuals residing in overcrowded neighbourhoods (that
are warm and humid) with poor living conditions Swollen lymph nodes (glands that help the
body fight off infection)
3. Children with sweaty (wet) scalp conditions)
Low-grade fever
4. Thosehaving superficial (on the surface) and minor head
injuries In more severe cases, you may develop
kerion, crusty swellings that drain pus.
5. Sharing items like combs, rugs, bed linens, bath towel,
These can lead to permanent bald spots
brushes, with individuals having the fungal condition
and scarring.
6. Playing with infected pets

7. If the individual has a weak immune system or diabetes,

there is a greater susceptibility to fungal infections, such as
Ringworm Infection of the Scalp
 Treatment

1. Griseofulvin or terbinafin several weeks

2. Topical shampoo and miconazole cream several weeks.

3. Alternative : itraconazole, ketokonazole.

4. Others - itraconazole and terbinafine. topical miconazole,

tolnafate, clotrimazole 2-4 weeks.

5. Troublesome cases : oral griseofulvin.

Tinea Unguium / Onychomycosis Infection

It is a superficial fungal infection of the nails caused by T.mentagrophytes

Incubation period: 1-3 weeks

Macroscopic morphology

SDA colony texture : Flat , Some have central

folding or develop raised
central tufts.

Colony color : Front - white to cream, some develop

pleomorphic suede-like areas
Reverse- yellow to brown to reddish
brown
 Microscopic Morphology
Lactophenol cotton blue staining

Spiral hyphae

Macroconidia-Smooth, Thin-walled

Clavate shaped, Multicelled

Microconidia -Numerous (single celled), often in

clusters

Hyaline, Smooth-walled

Predominantly spherical to sub- spherical in shape

Occasional clavate to pyriform forms may occur

Spherical chlamydoconidia
 Risk factors : Sign and Symptoms

1. Diminished blood 1. Hyphal invasion

supply.
2. Nails become yellow,
2. Humid, moist brittle, thickened and
environment. crumbly.

3. Perspiring heavily.

4. Bare foot in dump

places.

5. DM,
 Treatment:
1. Take itraconazole or terbinafine for months with surgical
removal of the nail.

2. Topical imidazole

3. Luciconazole
 Microscopic Morphology:

Antler nail-head hyphae

Favic Chandeliers with submerged

mycelium

Both microconidia and macroconidia are

absent.
 Risk factors: Sign and Symptoms:

1. Permanent hairless and

1. Can get infection by touching a scarring
person who has one.
2. Pink to red patch with ring of
2. Live on damp surfaces like the
slight inflammation
floors in the public bathrooms or
showers. 3. Itchiness in the red area

4. Slight thickening border of the

3. Can get infection from the pets. scaling of the patch or ring
crust.

5. White or yellow crust are seen

 Treatment:

1. Lotion, cream, ointment , shampoo containing ketaconazole and selenium

sulphide

2. Take griseofulvin, fluconazole and itraconazole orally