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PROSES
Introduction
What is a Process?
A process is
some operation carried out to modify input(s) to
output(s) based on physical and/or chemical
changes
row materials (feed) are changed or separated
into useful products
Inputs Outputs
feeds Process
products
CIRI-CIRI INDUSTRI
PROSES-1
Peralatan yang digunakan :
Bejana utama (vessel) yang tertutup
yang dihubungkan
Perpipaan (pipe) melalui proses
pe-Pompa-an (pump), aliran diatur oleh
Katup (valve) dan dihubungkan dengan
Fasilitas penyimpanan (storage)
Continuous process
materials enter and leave in uninterrupted streams
periodic shutdown is required
Semibatch or Semicontinuous
Some materials are charged/discharged at intervals while some enter/exit
continuously
Biotechnology industry, to add nutrients
Describing Processes
Input output diagram
Block diagram
6
Block flow diagram
C12H22O11
flour
Raw chocolate chip
eggs Cookie dough
Mixer
NaCl
NaHCO3
Chocolate chips
1 dozen cookies
75% choc chip
25% peanut butter
1 dozen cookies
8.3% choc chip
91.7% peanut butter
Flowsheets
The first step in any process design or analysis
is the construction of a flowsheet that shows the
major material flows and processing steps.
The flow sheet allows for better visualization
and quantification of the process.A picture is
worth a thousand words.
A process flow sheet is comprised of units,
represented by simple shapes like circles or
rectangles.
Some common flowsheet symbols
Pumps are used to increase a fluids pressure so the fluid will flow from high
pressure to low pressure, or used to condense a fluid or increase the speed of
a chemical reaction.
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Process flowsheet: Example 1
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Process flowsheet: Example 2
Process flowsheet: Example 3
Comparison of two processes
Units: Actions:
- absorption
- distillation
- extraction
- adsorption
- drying