DTH

CONTENTS
Introduction
History of DTH
Main Components
Network
Facility
Different usage
Scenario in India
Conclusion
References

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 What is DTH ?

DTH is defined as:

The reception of satellite programs with a personal
dish in an individual home.
DTH does away with the need for the local cable
operator and puts the broadcaster directly in touch with
consumer .
A wireless digital audio / video service is delivered
through satellite.
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 HISTORY
The first person who invented the technology for DTH was sir
ARTHURE CLARLES CLARKE , a british inventor in late
1946.
The DTH service was first proposed in INDIA in 1996 , but was
not approved due to concern over national security.
Finally , In 2000 DTH service was allowed and
DOORDARSHAN was first to provide the service to the
consumers from 1st of April ,2000.
After this other DTH service provider like ZEE and STAR
started pushing hard for DTH service in INDIA and setup earth
station whose cost was 2.15 million and was valid for 10 years
in INDIA.

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 Features of DTH Television
Some of the features of DTH service are as following:
DTH offers better quality picture than Cable TV.
DTH can reach remote areas where terrestrial transmission and cable TV
have failed to reach.
DTH also allows for interactive TV services such as movie-on-demand,
and e-mail.
In DTH, the payments will be made directly by the subscriber to the
satellite company offering the service.
Network of DTH
 Components of DTH
Programming Source
 Programming Source
The programming source are simply
the channels that provide
programming for broadcast.
Satellite TV provider get programming
from two major source: International
Channels(such as HBO,ESPN &
CNN)& various Local
Channels(Sahara TV, Doordarshan ).
These channels usually have a
distribution center that beams their
programming to a geostationary
satellite.
 Broadcasting Centre
Encryptio
Multiplexer Modulation n

Encoder Transmissio
(MPEG-2) n
Receiving Terminal
 Dish Antenna
A satellite dish is just a special kind of antenna
designed to focus on a specific broadcast source. The
standard dish consists of a parabolic (bowl-shaped)
surface and a central feed horn. To transmit a signal,
a controller sends it through the horn, and the dish
focuses the signal into a relatively narrow beam.
The dish on the receiving end cant transmit
information; it can only receive it. The receiving dish
works in the exact opposite way of the transmitter.
When a beam hits the curved dish, the parabola
shape reflects the radio signal inward onto a
particular point, just like a concave mirror focuses
light onto a particular point.
The curved dish focuses incoming radio waves onto
the feed horn.
 Low Noise Block-down Converter
(LNB)

The central element in the feed horn is low noise block-down converter.
Block-down convertor (so called because it converts a whole band or block
of frequencies to a lower band) i.e. it converts the 12.2 to 12.7 GHz band to
950 to 1450 MHz
An LNB sits on the end of an arm and faces the parabolic reflector(dish)
which focuses the signals from a satellite into the feed horn of the LNB .
 Types of LNB

Universal LNB Twin Output LNB

Quad Output LNB

 SET TOP BOX

The basic Set Top Box (STB) takes the signal from the satellite dish and
converts it into a signal that can be used by a TV, sound amplifier, etc.
STBs can act as a gateway between a television or PC and telephone,
satellite, terrestrial or cable feed.
The STB also accepts commands from the user and transmits
these commands back to the network operator.
Major DTH Service Providers in India
Real Time TV services PROCESS
Enc1

MUX
Enc2
QPSK
Modulator

Content on demand servers Services uplinked

to Satellites

Services downlinked via

receive satellite dish
and fed in to STB
 DBS TV Uplink Transmitter
QPSK IF amplifier upconverter LPA Multiplexer
modulator

M MUX

17 GHz
~ Other RF uplink
~ antenna
70 MHz LO RF LO signals

MPEG-2 Digital Reed-Soloman Convolutional

encoder multiplexer encoder Interleaver encoder

MPEG R-S Conv

ADC 2 MUX I
Coder Coder
Analog video
and audio
Other digital
signals
signals

Eeng 360
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 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DTH
SYSTEM
Low noise
Amplifier
block down
converter Down Filter
Low noise Down
amplifier Converter Converter

Video
baseband
Tunable Demod
Channel selector Local ulator
Oscillator

TV SET
 SET TOP BOX
A set top box can demodulate
the received signal and can
convert these signal into audio
and video signal.

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DTH Receive Facility
Cable Head-end

Private Home

Private Home Private Home

 PLAYERS IN
D.T.H

D.D. DIRECT
DISH T.V

TATA SKY

BIG T.V

SUN DIRECT

VIDEOCON d2h

AIRTEL DIGITAL TV 21
22
GROWTH OF DTH USERS

2007 to 2015Growth of 683 %

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 12.2 12.7 GHz
DBS-TV signal DBS TV Receiver
Image rejection 900 - 1400 MHz
LNA BPF Mixer IF amplifier Low noise
block converter
mounted on
antenna feed

Coaxial cable
to set top
Local oscillator
receiver
Ku-band 11.3 GHz
antenna

900 - 1400 MHz 70 MHz QPSK Baseband

IF amplifier Mixer IF amplifier demod amplifier

Tuned BPF input

Select Tuned LO
Select Frequency
polarization Microprocessor
transponder synthesizer

Inner Outer Video

DI Demux MPEG-2 D/A
decoder decoder decoder Audio

Deinterleaver Analog output

Eeng 360
to TV set 24
Limitations of DTH Technology
Under unfavourable climatic conditions the service remains
unavailable.
The service is interrupted in case if the direction of dish is
disturbed.
Transmission gets interrupted due to sun outage.
Some other Terminology Related to DTH
Satellite
Geostationary satellite plays an
important role for DTH system.
They are positioned at an exact height of
36,000 km above earth.
They solve the problem of range and
distortion by transmitting broadcast
signals.
Polarization
It is a way to give a specific direction to
a transmitted signal.
Signal transmitted by satellite can be
polarized as linear(horizontal and
vertical) or circular(left hand or right
hand) .
 LATEST IN DTH IN INDIA

Recording of TV programs
remotely using mobile
device.

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 CONCLUSION

DTH has made the hopes of the people of rural

areas to come true.

DTH service in India is in initial stage delivering

only TV broadcasting

In near future, launch of DTH internet service is

expected in our country.

It provide the wide thinking of rural people which

helps to develop the culture of society.
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THANKS

?
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