INTRODUCTION TO

PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

By
Abdul khaliq
Chapter 1
WHAT IS A PROJECT?
 Operational Plans
The two basic forms of operational plans
are
Single use plans

Programs
Projects
Standing Plans
Policies
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Rules and regulations
Single use plan

A plan which is developed to carry

out a course of action that is not
likely to be repeated in the near
future.

The most common types of single

use plans are programs and projects
Program

Program is a single use plan for a

large set of activities.

For example literacy development

program. In implementing this
program there is a large set (many)
of activities starting from design of
the program till its implementation.
Project
Project is a single use plan dealing
with one or a few activities of a
program.
For example in literacy development
program the following may be
different projects.
Building of School

Making course outlines

Writing text books

 PMI Definition

A temporary
endeavor(attempt)undertaken to
create a unique product or service

Project Management Institute, 2000

Definition of Project

An activity that is time bounded and

which is carried out to achieve a
particular purpose to a set standard,
cost limits, made to order, and has a
clear scope.
Characteristics of
Projects
Unique
Specific Deliverable

Specific Due Date

 Other Common Characteristics of
Projects

Multidisciplinary
Complex
Conflict
Have a life cycle
Temporary opportunities and
temporary teams
Involve multiple resources
 Why the emphasis on project
management?

Many tasks do not fit neatly into

business-as-usual.
Need to assign responsibility and

authority for achievement of

organizational goals.
 Why Projects ????

Starting a new business.

Developing/ modifying a product or
service.
Relocating and/or Closing a facility.
Community issues.
Re-engineering the process for
Reduce complaints

Reduce cycle time, and

Eliminate errors.

For implementing a new system or

process.
 Projects in Contemporary
Organizations

Project Management has emerged

because the society demands the
development of new methods of
management
Many forces have fostered the
emergence and expansion of Project
Management
Project management

Project management is the

study and practice of applying
a standard set of management
techniques to complete
projects.
 Project stakeholders

Individuals and organizations that are actively

involved in the project, or whose interests may be
affected as a result of project execution or project
completion. They may also exert influence over
the projects objectives and outcomes.
Project Manager

Customers, End Users

Performing Organization

Project Team

Sponsors / Funding party

Influencers

Regulators
 Triple Constraint
Project management is often
summarized in a triangle.
The three most important factors are
time, cost and scope, commonly
called the triple constraint.
These form the vertices with quality
as a central theme.
Projects must be delivered on time.

Projects must be within cost.

 Time

Qualit
y

Scop
Cost
e
So What is Actually
Managed?

??
 Projects in Contemporary
Organizations

Project Management has emerged

because the society demands the
development of new methods of
management
Many forces have fostered the
emergence and expansion of Project
Management
 Forces Of Project
Management

3 principal Forces driving Project

Management:
1. The rapid expansion of human knowledge
2. The growing demand for a broad range of complex,
sophisticated, customized goods and services
3. The evolution of worldwide competitive markets for
the
production and consumption of goods and services
All 3 forces combine to make the use of
teams to solve problems that were used to
be solved by individuals
 The Professionalism of
Project Management

Growth in number of project oriented

organizations
The Project Management Institute (PMI) was
established in 1969
And by now, it had exploded to over 90,000
members

This exponential growth is indicative of the

rapid growth in the use of projects
Also reflects the importance of PMI as a
force in the development of project
Common Terminologies
Must make a distinction between
terms:
Program - an exceptionally large,
long-range objective that is broken
down into a set of projects
Task - set of activities comprising a
project
Work Packages - division of tasks
Work Units - division of work
packages
Project Management VS.
General Management
PROJECT MANAGEMENT VS.
GENERAL MANAGEMENT
Project refer to the work which is
temporary & produce unique product or
service;

While work which is continues and

repetitive in nature relates to general
operation

Here are some example that would explain:

 PROJECT MANAGEMENT VS.
GENERAL MANAGEMENT
Developing a more accurate weather
forecasting software model is a project;
using the model to forecast the weather
week after week is an operation.
Implementing a software package to
process loan applications at a credit union is
a project; processing the loan applications
becomes an ongoing operation.
Writing a professional development class on
risk management is a project; presenting
the class repeatedly to many customers is
The Project Life Cycle
 The Project Life Cycle

Stages of a Conventional Project:

Slow beginning
Buildup of size
Peak
Begin a decline
Termination
The Project Life Cycle
 The Project Life Cycle

Risk during project life cycle

With most projects there is some
uncertainty about the ability to meet
project goals
Uncertainty of outcome is greatest at
the start of a project
Uncertainty decreases as the project
moves toward completion