Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Respiratory Infection
BY
TUTORIAL 5
Kelompok 5
1. Hardika Oktarianda
2. Hendito Khairansyah
3. Layla Besty L
4. Yuni Mulya
5. Irene Fransiska
6. Yolanda Ogis S
7. Rabella Guspia
8. Melati Harum P
9. Fiona Budi
10. Sherlika P
11. Devina Yulia P
12. Salsa Firda
Abstract
The oral cavity has long been considered a potential reservoir
for respiratory pathogens. The mechanisms of infection could
be aspiration into the lung of oral pathogens capable of
causing pneumonia, colonization of dental plaque by
respiratory pathogens followed by aspiration, or facilitation
by periodontal pathogens of colonization of the upper airway
by pulmonary pathogens.
Several anaerobic bacteria from the periodontal pocket have
been isolated from infected lungs. In elderly patients living in
chronic care facilities, the colonization of dental plaque by
pulmonary pathogens is frequent. Notably, the overreaction
of the inflammatory process that leads to destruction of
connective tissue is present in both periodontal disease and
emphysema. This overreaction may explain the association
between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, the fourth leading cause of death in the
United States. These findings underline the necessity for
improving oral hygiene among patients who are at risk and
those living in long-term care institutions.
Indroduction
The anatomical continuity between the lungs
and the oral cavity makes the latter a potential
reservoir of respiratory pathogens.
Yet an infective agent must defeat
sophisticated immunological and mechanical
defence mechanisms to reach the lower
respiratory tract.
An infection occurs when the hosts defences
are compromised, the pathogen is particularly
virulent or the inoculum is overwhelming.
The most common route of infection
is aspiration of what pneumologists
have long referred to as
oropharyngeal secretions. Therefore,
it is plausible that oral micro-
organisms might infect the
respiratory tract.
Epidemiology of Pulmonary
Disease:
Significance of the Problem
Pneumonia dibagi menjadi 2:
1. CAP (Community acquired Pneumonia) Streptoccocus
Pneumoneae dan Haemofilus Infuenza
Tingkat kejadian sekitar 8 kasus per 1000 penduduk
pertahun di negara-negara industri dan tingkat kematian
sebesar 7 %