DESIGN

CALCULATIONS
FOR MODELING
FLUE GAS
DESULFURIZATION
SYSTEM USING
SEAWATER
2

OUR PROJECT TEAM

Before presentating this thesis we would like to thank our respective teachers for
there immense knowledge and dedication which has helped us way through over
our Graduation.

CHAIRMAN OF DEPARTMENT PROJECT TEAM

AND SUPERVISOR Muzzamil Shahzad (G.L) 13CH23
Prof. Dr. Usama Zulfiqar (A.G.L) 13CH41
Owais Ahmed 13CH02
Syed Farman Ali Shah Khushbakht 13CH46
Prof. Dr. Sohail Ahmed 13CH47
Dr. Abdul Rehman Memon Shakeel Ahmed 13CH58
Bilal Ahmed 13CH139
FORECAST

This thesis presentation which we are about to

present is related to environmental pollution. Our
thesis gives a Mathematical design for an Air
pollution control equipment. This design can be
used to remove or reduce Sulfur dioxide
emissions into the atmosphere with no disposal
problems of effluent.
4

CONTENTS

THESIS OUTLINE
BACKGROUND
PROBLEM STATEMENT
RELATED WORK
METHODOLOGY EMPLOYED
THESIS RESULTS
SUMMARY
FUTURE WORK
5

THESIS
OUTLINE
6

THESIS OUTLINE

This project involves discovering new techniques

and integrating the older technologies used for Flue
Gas Desulfurization (FGD). Since seawater is readily
available it can be used as a solvent for the
treatment of flue gas, the effluent produced after
the flue gas treatment has a pH of around 6.5 which
is near to the pH of water which is 7, therefore the
effluent could easily be disposed of back into the
sea without much effect on the marine life. This
operation requires a gas/liquid contacting
equipment and the entire thesis revolves around its
7

BACKGROUND
8

BACKGROUD

burning of the fossil fuels such as coal,

The
petroleum or natural gas is oxidized into toxic
pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (), carbon dioxide
() and carbon monoxide (), having the potential of
causing respiratory problems, air pollutant reactive
acid or could even be oxidized to form (). Therefore,
modern industry is integrated to ensure not to
release such toxic substances into the atmosphere
and therefore engineers across the globe are now
creating such technologies to counter the release of
toxic pollutants into the atmosphere.
9

PROBLEM
STATEMENT
10

PROBLEM STATEMENT

thesis involves a Packed column design model

This
that will automatically calculate the system
performance for removing . The extent to which it is
removed based on the performance of the system
and will provide an equipment design for its removal
with all the necessary parameters for its design. It
would also provide the possible change in system
parameters by the changing the design conditions.
11

RELATED
WORK
12

RELATED WORK

Wet
Scrubbing Flue Gas Desulfurization
Lime-water slurry is sprayed into a flue gas scrubber.
The gas enters at the bottom against the slurry. The is
absorbed into the slurry to form wet calcium sulphite
which is converted to gypsum, a salable by-product.
Dry Scrubbing Flue Gas Desulfurization
Lime is injected directly into flue gas to remove and (.
There are two major dry processes: dry injection
systems inject dry hydrated lime into the flue gas duct
and spray dryers inject an atomized lime slurry into a
separate vessel.
13

RELATED WORK

SORBENT
INJECTION SYSTEM
Uses calcium carbonate and lime as sorbents
directly injected to flue gas at temperatures of 750
to form calcium sulfate which is removed using an
Electrostatic precipitator of bag house filter.
SNOx FGD
In this process catalytic oxidation of in the
subsequent oxidation reactor. Further cooling of the
gas to about 100C in the Wet Sulphuric Acid
condenser, whereby the sulphuric acid vapour
condenses,
14

METHODOLO
GY
EMPLOYED
15

METHODOLGY

Flue gas analysis (Wet) to determine the weight

composition and the volumetric flowrate of flue
gas.
Determination of molecular weight using weight
percentages.
Mole fractions at the inlet and outlet at normal
flow and equilibrium conditions and using these
to find inlet and outlet mass flowrates.
Development of operating line, minimum flow
line and equilibrium curve.
Calculation of diameter and height of column.
16

RESULTS
17

RESULTS
18

RESULTS
19

RESULTS
20

RESULTS
21

RESULTS
22

SUMMARY
23

SUMMARY

For different amounts of coal burnt the Diameter

and Height of the column is consequently
changed, this is so because for larger amount of
fuel the flue gas produced is more, therefore the
cross sectional area of the column should be
large enough to handle to handle greater flows of
flue gas.
The mass transfer co-efficient has an inverse
relation with the height. Results showed a
decrease in mass transfer co-efficient would
cause the height of the column to increase.
24

SUMMARY

For very large amounts of coal the diameter

change is more as compared to height. Situations
were faced where an amount of 10,000 kg of coal
the diameter and height was found to be 9.5m
and 17m for a mass transfer co-efficient value of
30. The height was adjusted in comparison with
the diameter of the column by reducing the mass
transfer co-efficient value to 10 which gave a
height of 52.2m, enough to match with the
diameter of the column.
25

SUMMARY

An increase in temperature caused the density of

the flue gas to be decreased, along with the
diameter and height of the column. This showed
a lesser denser gas would require lesser cross
sectional area for its separation, this would
automatically reduce the construction and the
operating cost of the equipment. This result
showed that a flue gas desulfurization system
does not necessarily require any heat exchange
network before the treatment of the flue gas.
26

SUMMARY

In
the above situations the desired outlet
concentration () was fixed. On the other hand,
the efficiency of the system can be used to
obtain the desired outlet concentration;

the results showed that for lesser efficiencies up to

80% the diameter and height of the column was
increased since greater cross sectional area would
be required for the desired separation.
27

FUTURE WORK
28

FUTURE WORK

The
possible future work could be that the
system ability can be altered to remove not only
but other toxic gases such as and Volatile organic
compounds. Since in this research packed
column is used, research can also be carried out
on other gas/liquid contact equipment which can
be designed in similar way and pollutant removal
efficiency of each equipment can be compared
with each other and a performance chart can be
established to determine the best equipment.
29

1.
Transition
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White Black
Is the color of milk Is the color of coal,
and fresh snow, the ebony, and of outer
color produced by space. It is the
the combination of darkest color, the
all the colors of the result of the
visible spectrum. absence of or
complete absorption
of light.
32
In two or three columns

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of Is the colour of Is the color of
gold, butter and the clear sky and blood, and
ripe lemons. In the deep sea. It because of this it
the spectrum of is located has historically
visible light, between violet been associated
yellow is found and green on the with sacrifice,
between green optical spectrum. danger and
and orange. courage.
33
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36
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A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16
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our
office
38

89,526,1
24
Whoa! Thats a big number,
arent you proud?
39

89,526,124$
Thats a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

100%
Total success!
40
Our process is easy

first second last

41
Lets review some concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is
located between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is
located between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
42

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THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at @username &
user@mail.me
48
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