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CONTINUOUS RANDOM
VARIABLES AND THE
NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
x
Prem Mann, Introductory Statistics, 8/E
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 6.16 Three normal distribution
curves with different means but the
same standard deviation.
z Values or z Scores
The units marked on the horizontal axis of the standard
normal curve are denoted by z and are called the z values
or z scores. A specific value of z gives the distance between
the mean and the point represented by z in terms of the
standard deviation.
x
z
where and are the mean and standard deviation of the
normal distribution of x, respectively.
x 55 50
z .50
10
x 35 50
z 1.50
10
x 32 25
z 1.75
4
P (25 < x < 32) = P(0 < z < 1.75)
= .9599 - .5000 = .4599
For x = 34:
34 25
z 2.25
4
P (18 < x < 34) = P (-1.75 < z < 2.25)
= .9878 - .0401 = .9477
For x = $4453:
For x = 11.99:
11.99 12
z .67
.015
Find the z value from the normal distribution table for .0100.
Table IV does not contain a value that is exactly .0100.
x = + z = 54 + (-2.33)(8)
= 54 18.64 = 35.36
x = + z = 1012 + 1.28(213)
= 1012 + 272.64 = 1284.64 1285
n x
P ( x) n C x p q x
x = 19, n x = 30 19 = 11
np 30(.50) 15
npq 30(.50)(.50) 2.73861279
Definition
The addition of .5 and/or subtraction of .5 from the
value(s) of x when the normal distribution is used as an
approximation to the binomial distribution, where x is the
number of successes in n trials, is called the continuity
correction factor.
For x = 107.5:
For x = 122.5
For x = 396.5: