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CHAPTER 12

GOVERNING AND FINANCING PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE US


FLOW OF GOVERNMENT ROLE IN AMERICAN
PUBLIC SCHOOL
Federal Government

President U.S. Legislature Federal Courts

U.S. Department of
Education
HOW DOES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
INFLUENCE PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE US?

PRESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE
RONALD REAGAN WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT TO EXPERIENCE THE US
DEPARTMENT OF ED AS A CABINET LEVEL AGENCY DURING HIS ENTIRE
PRESIDENCY.
BILL CLINTON; GOALS 2000 (LIST OF GOALS FOR STUDENTS TO WORK
TOWARD)
GEORGE BUSHS NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND
HOW DOES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
INFLUENCE PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE US?

CONGRESS AND THE COURTS


PASS LAWS SUCH AS GI BILL, BILINGUAL EDUCATION ACT OF 1968,
EDUCATION FOR ALL HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ACT OF 1975
HOW DOES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
INFLUENCE PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE US?

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION


SECRETARY IS APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT. THE SECRETARY
INFLUENCES POLICIES ESTABLISHED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
EDUCATION.
HEAD START
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM
WHATS THE STATES ROLE IN PUBLIC
EDUCATION?

STATE
GOVERNOR, STATE LEGISLATION, STATE COURTS
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION
DIRECTORS OF: CURRICULUM, DATA COLLECTION, FINANCE,
CERTIFICATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, INSTRUCTION
GOVERNOR

IMPACT STATE POLICIES AND LAWS THAT AFFECT SCHOOLS.


CAN VETO BILLS, MAKE BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS, AND APPOINT STATE
SECRETARY OF EDUCATION/BOARD OF EDUCATION MEMBERS
STATE LEGISLATURES

DETERMINE:
STATE LAWS THAT IMPACT EDUCATION
HOW STATE CHIEF OFFICERS OF EDUCATION AND STATE SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS
ARE SELECTED
RESPONSIBILITIES OF STATE-LEVEL SCHOOL OFFICIALS
HOW TAXES ARE USED TO SUPPORT SCHOOLS
GENERAL DIRECTION OF CURRICULUM
LENGTH OF THE SCHOOL DAY AND YEAR
ASPECTS OF TEACHER EMPLOYMENT, INCLUDING ISSUES INVOLVING TENURE,
RETIREMENT, AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING.
STATE COURTS

COURTS HEAR ARGUMENTS THAT MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT SCHOOL


COMPLIANCE WITH STATE LAWS
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

SEVEN TO NINE VOLUNTEERS


REGULATORY/ADVISORY CAPACITIES
SET GOALS/APPROVE STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENTS FOR SCHOOLS
ESTABLISH STANDARDS OF HOW SCHOOLS ARE ACCREDITED
DECIDE HOW STATE FUNDS ARE USED
REPRESENT AND REPORT TO THE PUBLIC ON EDUCATION ISSUES
STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OPERATES UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE GOVERNOR, LEGISLATURE, AND
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
LIKELY TO BE POLITICAL APPOINTEE OR ELECTED BY THE PUBLIC
TEACHER CERTIFICATION
CURRICULUM STANDARDS
INSTRUCTION
SPECIAL EDUCATION
SCHOOL LEVELS
TECHNOLOGY

STATE SUPERINTENDENT: MANAGES THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION


HOW DO SCHOOL DISTRICTS FUNCTION?

SCHOOL BOARD
SUPERINTENDENT
ASSOCIATE SUPERINTENDENT
DIRECTOR OF BUDGET, FOOD SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION,
CURRICULUM, INSTRUCTION, ASSESSMENT, SPECIAL EDUCATION,
SPECIAL PROGRAMS, DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL, STAFF DEVELOPMENT,
BUILDING ADMINISTRATORS
SCHOOL
BOARD RESPONSIBILITIES

DECIDE HOW MUCH MONEY IS SPENT ON TEACHER SALARIES, FACILITIES


IMPROVEMENT, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, AND SO ON
HIRE AND FIRE PERSONNEL
APPROVE AND EVALUATE PROGRAMS
MAKE CURRICULAR DECISIONS WITHIN STATE GUIDELINES
DETERMINE ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY
PAGE 365

PROFILE OF SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS


THOUGHTS?
WHAT IS THE MANAGEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL
SCHOOLS?

PRINCIPALS
ASSISTANT PRINCIPALS,
TEACHERS, SUPPORT STAFF, COUNSELORS, MEDIA SPECIALISTS
BUILDING LEADERSHIP CAPACITY

DEVELOP A SHARED VISION BASED ON COMMUNITY VALUES


ORGANIZE, FOCUS, AND SUSTAIN CONVERSATIONS ABOUT TEACHING AND
LEARNING
INSIST THAT STUDENTS LEARNING IS AT THE CENTER OF CONVERSATION
PROTECT AND INTERPRET COMMUNITY VALUES
WORK THROUGH EVALUATION AND DISTRICT PERSONNEL SYSTEMS TO
DISMISS INEFFECTIVE TEACHERS
WORK WITH ALL PARTICIPANTS TO IMPLEMENT COMMUNITY DECISIONS
DEVELOP RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE LARGER SYSTEM
OTHER ENTITIES THAT IMPACT THE
GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE US

PARENTS
BUSINESS
UNIVERSITIES
SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS
HOW ARE PUBLIC SCHOOLS FINANCED?

FEDERALLY
INCOME TAXES, INVESTMENTS, AND VARIOUS CHARGES FOR SERVICES AND
GOODS.
ONLY ABOUT 2% OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT BUDGET IN 2006.
HOW ARE PUBLIC SCHOOLS FINANCED?

STATE
ABOUT OF THE FUNDING FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION (VARIES FROM STATE TO
STATE)
STATE INCOME TAXES BASED ON EARNINGS, STATE CORPORATE TAXES, STATE
SALES TAX
HOW ARE PUBLIC SCHOOLS FINANCED?

LOCAL FUNDING
PROPERTY TAXES

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