Etude des nouveaux formats de

modulation pour la monte en dbit

dans le rseau d'accs optique
28/03/2008 Journe de doctorant
ENSTB

DUONG Thanh Nga

Encardrant FT: GENAY Naveena

Directeur de thse: SIMON Jean-Claude

recherche & dveloppement

Outline

1 Introduction
Contexte

2 Experimentation
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU
Direct modulation of 2.5GHz DFB laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s

3 Conclusion and perspective

Slide 2 recherche & dveloppement

Outline

1 Introduction
Contexte

2 Experimentation
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU
Direct modulation of DFB laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s

3 Conclusion and perspective

Slide 3 recherche & dveloppement

1. Introduction (1)
Interest of OFDM for the optical access network

Application Dbit requis

Tlchargement des donnes 2 Mb/s
VoIP, Video-telephony, Videoconferencing 1 Mb/s
Musique la demande (contenu 2 Mb/s
multimdia)
Jeux en ligne 1 Mb/s
TV numrique SD 3 Mb/s
TV numrique HD 10 Mb/s
TV numrique HD canaux additionnels (2 20 Mb/s
HD DTV)

Slide 4 recherche & dveloppement

1. Introduction (2)
Interest of OFDM for the optical access network

Increase the capacity and decrease the cost of the system in

optical access network
Increase the bit rate up to 10Gbit/s and more
Increase the transmission distance up to 100km without chromatic
dispersion compensation

1. Fiber chromatic dispersion

2. Rayleigh Backscattering in architecture colorless ONU
3. Cost of system

Solution
Low-cost ONU module
Direct modulation of laser
To use advanced modulation format which is robust to fiber chromatic
dispersion like DB, DPSK or OFDM modulation format

Slide 5 recherche & dveloppement

Interest of OFDM Spectre de DB, NRZ, DPSK et RZ

Duo-binary (DB)
Un spectre est plus comprim que celui du NRZ
Plus tolrance la dispersion chromatique
Dtection simple
Complexit de l'metteur
DPSK/DQPSK
Appliquer la technique remodulation
La complexit du rcepteur cot lev Le signal modul DPSK
DPSK/DQPSK-ASK
Forte tolrance la DC
La complexit de l'metteur et du rcepteur
Faible sensibilit au rcepteur
OFDM
Technique de transmission multi-porteuses
Utiliser l'algorithme FFT/IFFT
Chaque sous-porteuse est modul par un format de modulation numrique
diffrent

Slide 6 recherche & dveloppement

1. Introduction (3)
Interest of OFDM for the optical access network

What is OFDM ?
Widely use in the radio communication
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial)
DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale)
Wireless system
Multi-carriers modulation format which uses a large number of
closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Use FFT/IFFT algorithm
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation
(QPSK, m-QAM, etc)

Slide 7 recherche & dveloppement

1. Introduction (5)
Interests of OFDM for optical access network

Why we use OFDM for optical access network?

High density of information (Bit/s/Hz) increase the bit rate without
increasing RF cost (using low bandwidth component)
More tolerant to fiber chromatic dispersion (multi-path resilience)
and we can optimize the transmission performance by adjusting
the modulation format on each sub-carrier 10G compatible
Could be implemented with DSP technique on fast and low cost
devices
Reuse existing development in radio system (ISO/IEC DIS26908
UWB standard for MB-OFDM)
Improve the transmission performance with the help of FEC (BER
= 10-4 without FEC)

Slide 8 recherche & dveloppement

Outline

1 Introduction
Contexte

2 Experimentation
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU
Direct modulation of DFB laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s

3 Conclusion

Slide 9 recherche & dveloppement

2. Experimentation (1)
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU

CWDM
1xN

CW ONU
CW laser Remote
20km
modulation
Splitter
CW
Rx
OLT 1.92Gbit/s OFDM

Bidirectional transmission on 20km single-fiber hybrid WDM/TDM-

PON architecture
CW laser at 1550nm sent downstream
Upstream data was generated by MB-OFDM at 1.92Gbit/s (3 OFDM
bands at a bit rate of 640Mbit/s for each band)
Slide 10 recherche & dveloppement
2. Experimentation (2)
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU, EAM solution

CW signal 1 SOA1 CWDM EAM OFDM Signal

SOA 2
Modulated upstream signal 1

Filter: CWDM having 0.6dB insertion losses and bandwidth of

20nm
EAM: 14dB insertion losses, 10dB extinction ratio and bandwidth
of 12GHz
2SOAs: 18dB optical gain
3 OFDM bands centred at 744MHz, 1272MHz and 1800MHz. 128
sub-carriers modulated by QPSK format each band

Slide 11 recherche & dveloppement

2. Experimentation (3)
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU, EAM solution

upstream transmission for 1x16

BTB transmission,
splitting ratio

Received signal's constellation

Slide 12 recherche & dveloppement
2. Experimentation (4)
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU, EAM solution

1x16 Remote modulation was

BTB
possible on a single fiber
hybrid architecture
There are 2dB penalty
2dB 6dB
for 1x8 splitting ratio and
6dB for 1x16 splitting
1x8 ratio

Slide 13 recherche & dveloppement

2. Experimentation (7)
Comparison with NRZ signal

SOA1 CWDM EAM NRZ

SOA 2

Slide 14 recherche & dveloppement

2. Experimentation (8)
Comparison with NRZ signal
Remote modulation was also possible on a single fiber hybrid architecture
Only a splitting ratio of 1x8 was achieved for EAM solution and no splitter
could be added for R-EAM solution (at 1.3Vp-p input at R-EAM)-error floor
for 1x2 splitting ratio at 2Vp-p

1x16 1x4

1x2 (pour 2Vp-p)

1x8
No splitter

EAM solution R-EAM solution

Slide 15 recherche & dveloppement
2. Experimentation (9)
Comparison with NRZ signal
For EAM solution
Measured factor OFDM remote NRZ remote
modulation modulation
Architecture WDM/TDM-PON WDM/TDM-PON

Launched power 2dBm 2dBm

laser
Bit rate 1.92Gbit/s 2Gbit/s

SNR 19dB (BER<10-9) 19dB (BER>10-6)

Achieved splitting 1x16 (SNR = 19dB) 1x8 (SNR = 23dB)

Ratio (BER<10-9)

Slide 16 recherche & dveloppement

Discussion
Increase the bit rate in optical 1. Fiber chromatic dispersion
access network 2. Expensive component
GPON 10G in access 3. Chirp of components
1. Low cost components
Low cost infrastructure and low 2. Colorless ONU
cost ONU module 3. RF cost vs optical cost
4. Fiber single architecture
Colorless ONU 1. Rayleigh Backscattering

OFDM modulation is a good candidate as a cost effective

solution for colorless ONU
OFDM format is more tolerant to Rayleigh backscattering than
NRZ format in a bidirectional link

Slide 17 recherche & dveloppement

Outline

1 Introduction
Interest of OFDM modulation for the optical access network

2 Experimentation
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU
Direct modulation of low-cost laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s

3 Conclusion

Slide 18 recherche & dveloppement

2. Experimentation (1)
Direct modulation of DFB laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s

Direct modulation of 2.5GHz DFB laser by 10Gbit/s AMOOFDM

signal
64 sub-carriers 20km, 50km,
DSP modulation
110km SMF
The m-QAM mapping varies from 4-QAM to 32-QAM
S/P IFFT
M-QAM DFB
Transmission distance AWG
was taken to be
Encoded mappe
P/S laser20km, 50km and 110km
r
Noindispersion compensation
data
AOV

Optical A/D DSP

receiver converte demodulati
on Encoded
r
data out
Negotiation between Tx and Rx

Slide 19 recherche & dveloppement

2. Experimentation (2)
Direct modulation of DFB laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s
Sub No.1 Sub No.31

Slide 20 Sub No.23 recherche & dveloppement Sub No.10

 2. Experimentation (3)
Direct modulation of low-cost laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s DFB laser

1 ND BERk is the bit error rate of kth sub-carrier

BERtotal BERk ND is the number of sub-carrier which contain the

ND k 1 real data
The transmission is possible on 110km SMF
A BER of 10-3 was obtained at a received optical power of -16dBm
The penalties for 20km and 50km optical links are negligible (the sensibility is

considering at BER of 10-4)

The penalty on 110km optical link was approximately 2dB because of chromatic

dispersion
Slide 21 recherche & dveloppement
 2. Experimentation (4)
Comparison with NRS modulation DFB laser

Modulate directly with signal NRZ-OOK at a bit rate of 10Gb/s using the same
DFB laser and receiver
There was an error-floor at a bit rate of 9x10-4 for BTB curve and at a bit rate of
3x10-2 for 20km transmission.
Transmission over 50km and 110km SMF were impossible due to the effect of
chromatic dispersion
AMOOFDM is more tolerant to fiber chromatic dispersion than NRZ-OOK
signal
Slide 22 recherche & dveloppement
2. Experimentation (5)
Comparison with NRZ modulation 2.5GHz DFB laser

Considering Direct modulation with Direct modulation

factors AMOOFDM signal with NRZ-OOK signal
Architecture TDM-PON TDM-PON

Launch power 9.6dBm 9.6dBm

Bit rate 10Gb/s 10Gb/s

Transmission 110 km 0
distance possible

Slide 23 recherche & dveloppement

Discussion
Increase the capacity in optical 1. Fiber chromatic dispersion
access network 2. Expensive component
GPON 10G in access 3. Chirp of components
Transmission distance 100km

AMOOFDM modulation is a good candidate as a cost effective

solution for optical access network in order to increase the
capacity (bit rate and transmission distance)
AMOOFDM format is more tolerant to fiber dispersion
chromatic than NRZ format

Slide 24 recherche & dveloppement

Outline

1 Introduction
Contexte

2 Experimentation
Low-cost MB-OFDM for remote modulation of colorless ONU
Direct modulation of DFB laser at a bit rate of 10Gbit/s

3 Conclusion and perspective

Slide 25 recherche & dveloppement

3. Conclusion
A remote modulation scheme was presented for upstream
transmission in hybrid WDM/TDM-PON single fiber architecture
A solutions are proposed for the colorless ONU: EAM solution. A
bit rate of 1.92Gbit/s was archived for each wavelength
Comparison between NRZ and OFDM remote modulation for both
solutions was performed
OFDM format is more robust to Rayleigh Backscattered light than
NRZ-OOK modulation
10Gb/s transmission is experimentally demonstrated over 110km
SMF by direct modulation of 2GHz bandwidth DFB laser without
dispersion compensation
A comparison between NRZ-OOK format and AMOOFDM format
was performed at a bit rate of 10Gb/s
AMOOFDM modulation format is more tolerant with fiber
chromatic dispersion than NRZ-OOK format

Slide 26 recherche & dveloppement

 This work was performed in the framework of E-Photon One
network of excellence and the French ANTARES project

Thank you for your attention

Any question ?

Slide 27 recherche & dveloppement

 Annexe (1)
Definition of EVM

V2
SNR 20 log EVM 10 log 2
Vmax

1 3 SNR
2 1 erfc
2m 2
BER
m
log 2 m

Slide 28 recherche & dveloppement

1. Introduction (4)
Interest of OFDM for the optical access network

Slide 29 recherche & dveloppement