Lecture 18

Lecture 18 Design
July 18, 2003

RC 444
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27/04/17 wood4657@gmail.com 1
Lecture Goals
Slab design example
Total beam design
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One-Way Slab Example
The cross section of a continuous one-way solid slab
in a building is shown. The slabs are supported by
beams that span 24 ft. Between simple supports. The
dead load on the slabs is that due to self-weight plus
60 psf; The live load is 120 psf. Design the
continuous slab and draw a detailed section. Given:
fc = 3 ksi, fy = 40 ksi.
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Determine the thickness of the slab.
12 ft.
Minimum thickness
of interior bay: 12 in.
12 ft
L 1 ft.
h 5.14 in.
28 28
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Use h= 6 in.
db
d h coverage
2
0.5 in.
6 in. 0.75 in. 5.0 in.
2
Dead weight
DL h DLsl
1 ft
6 in.
3 2
150 lb/ft 60 lb/ft
12 in.
135 lb/ft 2
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Determine the load on the floor
U 1.2 DL 1.6 LL
1.2 135 lb/ft 2 1.6 120 lb/ft 2
354 lb/ft 2 0.354 k/ft 2
For slab design is seldom > 0.01. Use c/d = 0.2
1k
Ru 0.85 f c 1k 1
2
0.85 3 ksi 0.85 0.2

1
0.85 0.2
0.397 ksi

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2
Find the coefficient of the moment diagram
The maximum moment is
0.354 k/ft 11 ft.

2 2 2
wl
Mu
u n
10 10
4.28 k-ft/ft
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Find the design d for a one-foot strip
12 in.
4.28 k-ft/ft
Mu ft
0.9
bd
2

Ru 0.397 ksi
143.9 in 3 / ft
If b =12-in. then d = 3.46-in., which for c/d = 0.2,
so d = 5-in., the slab is OK.
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Find the coefficient of the shear
The maximum shear is
wu l 0.354 k/ft 11 ft.

2
Vu Cv 1.15
2 2
2.24 k/ft
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Check the shear capacity of the slab

Vu 0.75 2 f c bw d
0.75 2
3000 12 in. 5 in. 4930 lb.
4.93 k > 2.24 k
Use h = 6-in., d = 5-in. and wu = 0.354 k/ft
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Minimum about of steel is (use ACI 7.12 )
As min 0.0020bh 0.002 12 in. 6 in.
0.144 in 2
Moment capacity of the slab (12-in. beam)
a
M u As f y d
2
Assume
a
d 0.925d 0.925 5 in. 4.625 in.
2
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Compute the moments
Moment capacity of the beam

A B C D E
ln 11 ft. 11 ft. 11 ft. 11 ft. 11 ft.
Mcoef 1/24 1/14 1/10 1/11 1/16
Mu 1.78 k-ft 3.06 k-ft 4.28 k-ft 3.89 k-ft 2.68 k-ft
Am in 0.144 in2 0.144 in2 0.144 in2 0.144 in2 0.144 in2
As 0.128 in2 0.221 in2 0.309 in2 0.280 in2 0.193 in2
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Compute the moments

0.354 k/ft 11 ft
2
Mu 1.78 k-ft
24
Mu Mu
As
a f y 0.925d
fy d
2
12 in.
1.78 k-ft
ft
0.129 in 2
0.9 40 ksi 4.625 in.
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Check the assumption

0.129 in 2 40 ksi
a 0.168 in.
0.85 3 ksi 12 in.
a 0.168 in.
d 5 in. 4.92 in.
2 2
12 in.
1.78 k-ft
As ft
0.9 40 ksi 4.92 in.
0.121 in 2 Assumption will work!
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Use #4 bar Ab = 0.2 in2 The maximum spacing ACI 7.6.4
3h 3 6 in. 18 in. maximum spacing

The spacing on the first location
12 in. Ab
Ab Areq s 12 in.

s Areq
0.2 in 2
s 12 in. 2
16.67 in.
0.144 in
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Select 15 in. for the spacing to calculate the

provided area.
12 in.
As provided Ab
s
12 in.
0.2 in
2

15 in.
0.16 in 2
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Actual spacing.
A B C D E
s 16.67 in 10.68 in 7.77 in 8.57 in 12.43 in
s chosen 15 in. 9 in. 6 in. 6 in. 9 in.
4 @ 15 in. 4 @ 9 in. 4 @ 6 in. 4 @ 6 in. 4 @ 9 in.
Aprovided 0.16 in2 0.267 in2 0.4 in2 0.4 in2 0.267 in2
As(req) 0.144 in2 0.221 in2 0.309 in2 0.280 in2 0.193 in2
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Summary
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Example - Design
Determine the
lengths of top and
bottom bars for
the external span
of the continuous
beam. Concrete is normal weight and bars are Grade 60.
Total uniformly distribution factored gravity load on
beam is wu = 6.0 k/ft (including weight of beam). The
beam has fc = 4 ksi, fy= 60 ksi, b =16 in., h =22 in., and
concrete cover =1.5 wood4657@yahoo.es
in.
Example - Design
Preliminary design for the moment and shear
reinforcement. From (ACI 8.3.3)
wln
M u CM wl 2
n and Vu CV
2
Compute the values Cm = 1/16,1/14, and 1/10 and
CV =1.0 and 1.15
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Example - Design
Interior face of 1 2
exterior support M u 16 wln 6 k/ft 25 ft /16 234.4 k-ft
2
End span positive M u 1 wln2 6 k/ft 25 ft 2 /14 267.9 k-ft

14
Exterior face of
1
first interior M u wln2 6 k/ft 25 ft /10 375 k-ft
2
10
support
Exterior face of Vu 1.15 wln 1.15 6 k/ft 25 ft / 2 86.3 kips
2
first interior
support
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Example - Design
Determine required flexural reinforcement using
procedure for beams. With 1.5 in. cover, #4 stirrup
and #9 or 10 flexural bar, d = 19.5 in. M
2
u
k 2
M u 0.85 f c k 1 bd k 2 2k
2
0
2 0.85 f cbd
234.4 k-ft 12 in
2
k 2 2 k 0.9 ft
0 k 0.165
0.85 4 ksi 16 in 19.5 in
2
k 0.165
k 0.194 Use k = 0.2
27/04/17
1 0.85 wood4657@yahoo.es
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Example - Design
Compute required steel and 1= 0.85 for 4 ksi concrete
k 0.2 c 0.2d 0.2 19.5 in. 3.9 in.

T C
0.85 f cba 0.85 4 ksi 16 in. 0.85 3.9 in.
As
fy 60 ksi
As 3.01 in 2
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Example - Design
Use 4 #8 bars As = 3.16 in2
a
As f y

3.16 in 2
60 ksi 3.49 in.
0.85f cb 0.85 4 ksi 16 in.
a
M u As f y d
2
3.49 in.
0.9 3.16 in 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2

2
3030 k-in. wood4657@yahoo.es
252.5 k-ft.
Example - Design
The over-design of the beam:
252.5 k-ft 234.4 k-ft
*100% 7.7%
234.4 k-ft
The resulting beam layout:
k=c/d Mu As(req) Bars As(prov ided) Overdesign

0.200 234.4 k-ft 3.01 in2 4#8 3.16 in2 7.70%
0.225 267.9 k-ft 3.38 in2 2 #8 & 2 #9 3.58 in2 5.40%
0.330 375.0 k-ft 4.96 in2 4 # 10 5.08 in2 1.80%
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Example - Design
The general design
for the flexural steel
is given as:
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Example - Design
Determine required shear reinforcement. Find the Vu at
the a distance d from the support.
1 ft
Vu Vmax wd 86.3 k 6 k/ft 19.5 in.
12 in.
76.6 k

Vc 2 f c bd

0.75 2 4000 16 in. 19.5 in.
1k
1000 lb

29.6 k wood4657@yahoo.es
Example - Design
The maximum spacing is d/2 = 19.5 in./2 = 9.75 in.
Use a #4 bar Av = 0.4 in2 and spacing 6 in.
Av f y d 0.4 in 2
60 ksi 19.5 in.
Vs 0.75

s 6 in.

58.5 k
Vn Vc Vs 29.6 k 58.5 k 88.1 k > 76.6 k OK!
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Example - Design
Distance from support where stirrup not required:
Vc 29.6 k
Vu 14.8 k
2 2
Vu 86.3 k 6 k/ft x x 11.9 ft 1/ 2 span
Use #4 stirrups @ 6 in. spacing.
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Example - Design
The bar length for bottom reinforcement
a. One-fourth of As must be extended at least 6 in.
into the supports with a longitudinal bar required at
each corner of the stirrup (12.13.3) at least 2 bars
should be extended full length. Extend the 2 #8
bars full span length plus 6 in. into the support and
cut the 2 #9 bars within the span.
b. Determine cut-off for 2 #9 bars and check other
development requirements.
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Example -
Design
Shear and moment
diagrams are loading
condition cause maximum
factored positive moment
are shown.
2
x
267.9 k-ft 234.4 k-ft Pu x 6 k/ft
2
Pu 6 k/ft x x 12.95 ft. and Pu 77.6 k
Inflection points 3.5 ft and 22.4 ft
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Example - Design
The moment of the 2 #8 bars from the 2#8 and 2#9 bars
a
As f y

3.58 in 2
60 ksi 3.95 in.
0.85f cb 0.85 4 ksi 16 in.
3.95 in.
M n 0.9 3.58 in 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2

2
3388 k-in. 282.3 k-ft.
3.95 in.
M n 0.9 1.58 in 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2

2
27/04/17
1495 k-in. 124.6 k-ft.
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Example - Design
The positive moment portion of Mu diagram is
shown, which including the design moment strengths
of Mn for the positive As (2 #8 and 2 #9) and for 2#8
separately; and necessary dimensions. For 2 #8 and 2
#9, Mn =282.3 k-ft; for 2 #8 Mn= 124.6 k-ft
The location of the point is

2
x
124.6 k-ft 234.4 k-ft 77.6 k x 6 k/ft
2
x 6.1 ft. and 19.8 ft.
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Example - Design
The distance to go beyond either d or 12 db
d 19.5 in. (1.6 ft.) Controls

or 12 1.128 in. 13.5 in.
The cutoff of the #9 bar is 6.1 ft - 1.6 ft. = 4.5 ft

and 19.8 ft + 1.6 ft =21.5 ft.
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Example - Design
The 2 # 8 bars extend full
span length plus 6 in. into
the supports. The 2 #9
bars are cutoff tentatively
at 4.5 ft and 3.5 ft. from
exterior and interior
supports.
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Example - Design
Within the development length ld, only 2 #8 bars are
being developed in the length 8.45 ft.
fy 60000
ld d 1.0 in. 47.4 in. or 48 in. 4 ft.
20 f c 20 4000
Dimension (3) 6.6 ft > 4 ft

Dimension (4) 5.7 ft > 4 ft
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Example - Design
Check required development length ld for 2 #9 bars.
Note 2 #8 bars are already developed in length 4 ft
from bar end. The clear spacing between bars
16 in 2 1.5 in. 2 0.5 in. 2 1.0 in. 2 1.128 in.
clear space
3
2.58 in. or 2.29d b
The development length
fy 60000
ld d 1.128 in.
20 f c 20 4000
53.5 in. or 54 in. 4.5 ft. < 8.45 ft.
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Example - Design
For # 8 bars, check development requirements at
points of inflection PI
Mn
ld la
Vu
The inflection point Mn = 124.6 k-ft/0.9=138.4 k-ft
and Vu = 56.6 k and la = greater of 12db or d = 19.5 in.
12 in.
138.4 k-ft
ld ft
19.5 in. 48.9 in.
56.6 k
48 in. 48.9 in. wood4657@yahoo.es
Example - Design
With tentative cutoff points located in a zone of flexural
tension, one of the three conditions of (ACI 12.10.5)
must be satisfied. At left cutoff point (4.5 ft)
Vu 77.6 k 6 k/ft 4.5 ft. 50.6 k
The Vn =88.1 k (#4 @ 6 in. spacing)

2 2
Vn 88.1 k 58.7 k 50.6 k OK
3 3
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Example - Design
Check the other conditions 2
4.5 ft.
M u 234.4 k-ft 77.6 k 4.5 ft. 6 k/ft
2
54 k-ft
The required area is
a
M n As f y d
2
3.49 in.
54 k-ft 0.9 As 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2
As 0.68 in wood4657@yahoo.es
2
Example - Design
For 2 No. 8 bars As = 1.58 in2
1.58 in 2 2 0.68 in 2 1.36 in 2 OK
3 3
Vn 88.1 k 66.1 k 50.6 k OK
4 4
At the right cutoff point 3.5 ft from support
Vu 77.6 k 6 k/ft 3.5 ft. 51.4 k
2 2
Vn 88.1 k 58.7 k 51.4 k OK
3 3
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Example -
Design
Shear and moment
diagrams are loading
condition cause maximum
factored negative moment
are shown.
2
25 ft
375 k-ft 234.4 k-ft Pu 25 ft 6 k/ft
2
Pu 69.4 k
Inflection points 4.1 ft and 19.0 ft
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Example - Design
The moment of the two #8 bars from the 4 #8 bars
a
As f y

3.16 in 2
60 ksi
3.49 in.
0.85f cb 0.85 4 ksi 16 in.
3.49 in.
M n 0.9 3.16 in 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2

2
3030 k-in. 252.5 k-ft.
3.49 in.
M n 0.9 1.58 in 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2

2
27/04/17
1515 k-in. 126.2 k-ft.
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Example - Design
The moment of the two #10 bars from the 4 #10 bars
a
As f y

5.08 in 2
60 ksi
5.60 in.
0.85f cb 0.85 4 ksi 16 in.
5.60 in.
M n 0.9 5.08 in 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2

2
4581 k-in. 381.7 k-ft.
5.60 in.
M n 0.9 2.54 in 60 ksi 19.5 in.
2

2
27/04/17
2290 k-in. 190.9 k-ft.
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Example - Design
The negative moment portion of Mu diagram is
shown, which including the design moment strengths
of Mn for the negative As at each support(4 #8) and
for 4#10 separately; and necessary dimensions. For
4#8, Mn =252.5 k-ft; for 2 #8 Mn= 126.3 k-ft and
4#10, Mn =381.7 k-ft; for 2 #10 Mn= 190.9 k-ft
The location of the point is
2
x
M u 234.4 k-ft 69.4 k x 6 k/ft
2
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Example - Design
For the #8 bars
2
x
126.3 k-ft 234.4 k-ft 69.4 k x 6 k/ft
2
x 1.68 ft
For the #10 bars
2
x
190.9 k-ft 234.4 k-ft 69.4 k x 6 k/ft
2
x 22.49 ft
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Example - Design
The required number of bars to be extended. One
third of As provided at support must be extended
beyond the point of inflection a distance equal to the
greater d, 12 db or ln/16.
or 12 1.0 in. 13.5 in.
12 in.
25 ft
or = ft 18.75 in.
16
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Example - Design
Since the inflection point is located only 4.1 ft from
the support, total length #8 bars will be relatively
short even with the required 1.6 ft extension beyond
the point of inflection. Check required development
length ld for a cut off location 4.1 ft + 1.6 ft 5.75 ft
from face of support.
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Example - Design
With 4 #8 bars being developed at same location
(face of support) For a top bar effect =1.3
f y 60000 1.3 1 1 1
ld
20 f
d 1.0 in.
c 20 4000
62.4 in. 5.2 ft.
For #8 top bars, ld =5.2 ft < 5.7 ft OK
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Example - Design
Anchorage into exterior column.
The #8 bars can be anchored into the column with a
standard end hook.
1200 1200
lhd

d
1.0 in. 19.0 in.
f c 4000
For a 90o hook with side cover 2.5 in. and end
cover 2 in. A modification factor of 0.7 applies
(ACI 12.5.3.2)
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Example - Design
Anchorage into exterior column.
Therefore, the required total embedment length ldh
ldh 0.7 19.0 in. 13.3 in.
Overall depth of the column required would be 16 in.

The required ldh for the hook could be reduced by 1 in.
(a refinement) if excess reinforcement is considered
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Example - Design
The area relationship
As required 3.01 in 2
2
0.95
As provided 3.16 in
ldh 0.95 13.3 in. 12.6 in.
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Example - Design
The required number of bars to be extended for the
4#10 bars. One third of As provided at support must
be extended beyond the point of inflection a distance
equal to the greater d, 12 db or ln/16.
or 12 1.27 in. 15.4 in.
12 in.
25 ft
or = ft 18.75 in.
16
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Example - Design
For #10 bars
clear spacing
16 in 2 1.5 in. 2 0.5 in. 4 1.27 in.
3
2.31 in. or 1.82d b d b
center-to-center spacing 2.31 in. + 1.27 in. = 3.58 in. or 2.82d b d b
cover 1.5 in. + 0.5 in. 2.00 in. or 1.57d b
Distance from center to concrete surface 1.57d b 0.5d b 2.07d b
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Example - Design
Since the inflection point is located only 6.0 ft from
the support, total length #10 bars will be relatively
short even with the required 1.6 ft extension beyond
the point of inflection. Check required development
length ld for a cut off location 6.0 ft + 1.6 ft 7.6 ft
from face of support.
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Example - Design
With 4 #10 bars being developed at same location
(face of support) For a top bar effect =1.3
f y 60000 1.3 1 1 1
ld
20 f
d 1.27 in.
c 20 4000
78.3 in. 6.52 ft.
For #10 top bars, ld = 6.52 ft < 7.6 ft OK
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Example - Design
Summary: Selected bar lengths for the top and bottom
reinforcement shown
Note: The stirrup spacing should be #4 @ 6 in.

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Example - Design
Supplementary Requirements:
If the beam were part of a primary lateral load
resisting system, the 2#8 bottom bars extending into
the support would have to be anchored to develop the
bar yield strength at the face of supports. At the
exterior column, anchorage can be provided by a
standard end hook. (ACI 12.11.2)
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Example - Design
Minimum width of support (overall column depth)
required for anchorage of the #8 bar with a standard
hook is a function of the basic development length lhd
and appropriate modification factors.
ldh 0.7 19.0 in. 13.3 in. -for 90o hook with 2 in.
end cover on hook
(ACI 12.5.3.2)
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Example - Design
Minimum width of support (overall column depth)
required for anchorage of the #8 bar with a standard
hook is a function of the basic development length lhd
and appropriate modification factors.
ldh 0.7 0.8 19.0 in. 10.7 in.

-for 90o hook with 2 in. end cover and hook enclosed
within ties or stirrup ties spaced not greater than 3 db
(ACI 12.5.3.3)
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Example - Design
At the interior column, 2 #8 bars could be
extended ld distance beyond the face of support
into the adjacent span or lap spliced with
extended bars from adjacent span. Consider a
Class A lay splice adequate to satisfy the intent of
ACI 12.11.2
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Lecture 18

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Lecture 18

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Lecture 18 Design

July 18, 2003

0.85 3 ksi 0.85 0.2

The maximum moment is

0.354 k/ft 11 ft.

The maximum shear is

wu l 0.354 k/ft 11 ft.

Check the shear capacity of the slab

Use h = 6-in., d = 5-in. and wu = 0.354 k/ft

Moment capacity of the beam

Compute the moments

Check the assumption

Use #4 bar Ab = 0.2 in2 The maximum spacing ACI 7.6.4

3h 3 6 in. 18 in. maximum spacing

Select 15 in. for the spacing to calculate the

End span positive M u 1 wln2 6 k/ft 25 ft 2 /14 267.9 k-ft

k 0.2 c 0.2d 0.2 19.5 in. 3.9 in.

k=c/d Mu As(req) Bars As(prov ided) Overdesign

Use #4 stirrups @ 6 in. spacing.

The location of the point is

d 19.5 in. (1.6 ft.) Controls

The cutoff of the #9 bar is 6.1 ft - 1.6 ft. = 4.5 ft

Dimension (3) 6.6 ft > 4 ft

Vu 77.6 k 6 k/ft 4.5 ft. 50.6 k

The Vn =88.1 k (#4 @ 6 in. spacing)

For #8 top bars, ld =5.2 ft < 5.7 ft OK

ldh 0.7 19.0 in. 13.3 in.

Overall depth of the column required would be 16 in.

For #10 top bars, ld = 6.52 ft < 7.6 ft OK

Note: The stirrup spacing should be #4 @ 6 in.

ldh 0.7 0.8 19.0 in. 10.7 in.

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