Professional Documents
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July 11, 2003
RC 444
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Lecture Goals
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Determining Locations of
Flexural Cutoffs
Given a simply
supported beam with a
distributed load.
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Determining Locations of
Flexural Cutoffs
Note:
Total bar length =
Fully effective length
+ Development length
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Determining Locations of
Flexural Cutoffs
ACI 12.10.3
All longitudinal tension bars
must extend a min. distance
= d (effective depth of the
member) or 12 db (usually
larger) past the theoretical
cutoff for flexure (Handles
uncertainties in loads, design
approximations,etc..)
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Determining Locations of
Flexural Cutoffs
Development of flexural
reinforcement in a typical
continuous beam.
ACI 318R-02 - 12.10 for
flexural reinforcement
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Bar Cutoffs - General
Procedure
1. Determine theoretical flexural cutoff points for
envelope of bending moment diagram.
2. Extract the bars to satisfy detailing rules (from
ACI Section 7.13, 12.1, 12.10, 12.11 and 12.12)
3. Design extra stirrups for points where bars are
cutoff in zone of flexural tension (ACI 12.10.5)
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Bar Cutoffs - General Rules
All Bars
Rule 1. Bars must extend the longer of d or 12db past
the flexural cutoff points except at supports
or the ends of cantilevers (ACI 12.11.1)
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Bar Cutoffs - General Rules
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Bar Cutoffs - General Rules
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Bar Cutoffs - General Rules
Mn
ld la
Vu
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Bar Cutoffs - General Rules
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Bar Cutoffs - General Rules
Negative Moment Bars
Rule 6. Structural Integrity
Interior beams. At least one-third of the negative
moment reinforcement must be extended by the
greatest of d, 12 db or ( ln / 16 ) past the negative
moment point of inflection (ACI Sec. 12.12.3).
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Bar Cutoffs - General Rules
Negative Moment Bars
Rule 6. Structural Integrity
Perimeter beams. In addition to satisfying rule 6a,
one-sixth of the negative reinforcement required at
the support must be made continuous at mid-span.
This can be achieved by means of a class A tension
splice at mid-span (ACI 7.13.2.2).
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
a As f y
M n As f y d where, a
2 0.85 f cb
To determine the position of the cutoff or bent point
the moment diagram due to external loading is drawn.
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
a
M nb Abs f y d where, Abs area of bar
2
The intersection of the moment resistance lines with
the external bending moment diagram indicates the
theoretical points where each bar can be terminated.
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
Given a beam with the 4 #8 bars and
fc=3 ksi and fy=50 ksi and d = 20 in.
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
The moment diagram is
Moment Diagram
3000
2500
2000
k-in
1500
1000
500
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
ft
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
The moment resistance of one bar is
a
M nb Asb f y d
2
a
As f y
3.16 in 2
50 ksi
5.2 in.
0.85 f cb 0.85 3 ksi 12 in.
5.2 in.
M nb 0.79 in 50 ksi 20 in.
2
688 k-in.
2
M ub M nb 0.9 688 k-in. 620 k-in.
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
The moment diagram and crossings
Moment Diagram
3000
2480 k-in
2500
2000 1860 k-in
k-in
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
3000
2480 k-in
2500
2000 1860 k-in
a
k-in
b
1000
620 k-in
500
0
c
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
ft
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
la 12d b or d
12 1.0 in. or 20 in. 20 in.
ld
f y d b
50000 1.0 in.
20 f c 20 3000
45.6 in. 46 in.
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
The ultimate moment
resistance is 2480 k-in.
The moment diagram
is drawn to scale on
the basis A bar can be
terminated at a, two
bars at b and three bars
at c. These are the
theoretical termination
of the bars.
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
It is necessary to develop
part of the strength of the bar
by bond. The ACI Code
specifies that every bar
should be continued at least
a distance d, or 12db , which
ever is greater, beyond the
theoretical points a, b, and c.
Section 12.11.1 specify that
1/3 of positive moment
reinforcement must wood4657@yahoo.es
be
continuous.
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Moment Resistance
Diagrams
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Example Cutoff
For the simply
supported beam with
b=10 in. d =17.5 in.,
fy=40 ksi and fc=3 ksi
with 4 #8 bars. Show
where the reinforcing
bars can be terminated.
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Example Cutoff
a
As f y
3.16 in 40 ksi
2
4.93 in.
0.85 f cb 0.85 3 ksi 10 in.
4.93 in.
M nb 0.79 in 40 ksi 17.5 in.
2
2
427.7 k-in. 35.64 k-ft.
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Example Cutoff
Determine the location of the bar intersections of
moments.
1 bar 35.64 k-ft. 3 bar 107 k-ft.
2 bar 71.3 k-ft. 4 bar 142.6 k-ft.
M x M 0 mx
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Example Cutoff
Determine the location of the bar intersections of
moments.
1 bar 35.64 k-ft. 3 bar 107 k-ft.
2 bar 71.3 k-ft. 4 bar 142.6 k-ft.
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Example Cutoff
Determine the location of the bar intersections of
moments.
1 bar 35.64 k-ft. 3 bar 107 k-ft.
2 bar 71.3 k-ft. 4 bar 142.6 k-ft.
la 12d b or d
12 1.0 in. or 17.5 in. 18 in.
ld
f y d b
40000 1.0 in.
20 f c 20 3000
36.6 in. 37 in.
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Example Cutoff
The minimum amount of bars are As/3 or two bars
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Example Cutoff
The cutoff for the first bar is 41 in. or 3 ft 5 in. and 18 in
or 1 ft 6 in. total distance is 41 in.+18 in. = 59 in. or 4 ft
11 in.
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Bar Splices
Why do we need bar splices? -- for long spans
Types of Splices
1. Butted &Welded Must develop 125%
of yield strength ACI
2. Mechanical Connectors
12.14.3.2 and ACI
3. Lay Splices 12.14.3.4
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Tension Lap Splices
Why do we need bar splices? -- for long spans
Types of Splices
1. Contact Splice
2. Non-Contact Splice (distance between the
bars 6 and 1/5 of the splice length
ACI 12.14.2.3)
Splice length (development length) is the distance
the two bars are overlapped.
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Types of Splices
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Types of Splices
Class B Splice (ACI 12.15.2)
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Tension Lap Splice (ACI
12.15)
Lap Splices shall not be used for bars larger than No. 11.
(ACI 12.14.2)
Lap Splices should be placed in away from regions of
high tensile stresses -locate near points of inflection
(ACI 12.15.1)
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Compression Lap Splice (ACI
12.16)
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Compression Lap Splice (ACI
12.17.2)
In tied column splices with effective tie area throughout
splice length 0.0015 hs factor = 0.83
In spiral column splices, factor = 0.75
The final splice length must be 12 in.
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Example Splice Tension
Calculate the lap-splice length for 6 #8 tension bottom
bars in two rows with clear spacing 2.5 in. and a clear
cover, 1.5 in., for the following cases
a. When 3 bars are spliced and As(provided) /As(required) >2
b. When 4 bars are spliced and As(provided) /As(required) < 2
c. When all bars are spliced at the same location.
fc= 5 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
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Example Splice Tension
For #8 bars, db =1.0 in and = = = =1.0
ld 3 fy
d b 40 f c c K tr
db
3 60000 1.0
42.4 43 in.
40 5000 1.5 in. 0
1.0 in.
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Example Splice Tension
The As(provided) /As(required) > 2, class A splice applies;
therefore lst = 1.0 ld >12 in., so lst = 43 in. > 12 in. The
bars spliced are less than half the number
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Example Splice
Compression
Calculate the lap splice length for a # 10 compression
bar in tied column when fc= 5 ksi and
a) fy = 60 ksi
b) fy = 80 ksi
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Example Splice
Compression
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