Lecture 25

Lecture 25 - Design of
Two-Way Floor Slab

System
August 6, 2003
RC 444
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27/04/17 wood4657@gmail.com 1
Lecture Goals
Example of DDM
Panel Design
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Example 1
Design an interior panel of the two-way
slab for the floor system.The floor
consists of six panels at each direction,
with a panel size 24 ft x 20 ft. All
panels are supported by 20 in square
columns. The slabs are supported by
beams along the column line with cross
sections. The service live load is to be
taken as 80 psf and the service dead
load consists of 24 psf of floor
finishing in addition to the self-weight.
Use27/04/17
fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
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Example 1 Previous Example
The cross-sections are:

h = 7 in.
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The resulting cross section:
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The thickness was calculated in an earlier example.

Generally, thickness of the slab is calculated at the
for the external corner slab. So use h = 7 in.
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Example 1- Loading
The weight of the slab is given as.

lb 1 ft lb lb
DL 24 2 7.0 in. 150 3 111.5 2
ft 12 in.
ft ft
lb lb
wu 1.2 DL 1.6 LL 1.2 111.5 2 1.6 80 2
ft
ft
lb kips
262 2 0.262 2
ft ft
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Example 1 calculation
d
Compute the average depth, d for the slab. Use an
average depth for the shear calculation with a #4 bar
(d = 0.5 in)
d h cover d b / 2
d 7.0 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in./ 2 6.0 in.
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Example 1 One-way
shear
The shear stresses in the slab are not
critical. The critical section is at a
distance d from the face of the beam.
Use 1 ft section.
beam width
Vu wu 12 ft. d 1 ft.
2
1 ft
16 in.
1 ft
0.262 k/ft 12 ft.
12 in.
6 in. 1 ft.
2
2 12 in.

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2.84 k
Example 1 One-way
shear
The one way shear on the face of the beam.

Vc 2 f c bd

0.75 2 3000 12 in. 6 in.
1 kip
1000 lb

5.92 k 2.84 k OK.
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Example 1 Strip size
Determine the strip sizes for the column and middle
strip. Use the smaller of l1 or l2 so l2 = 20 ft
l2 20 ft
l 5 ft
4 4
Therefore the column strip b = 2( 5 ft) = 10 ft (120 in)
The middle strips are
bl 20 ft 2 5 ft 10 ft 120 in
bs 24 ft 2 5 ft 14 ft 168 in
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Example 1 Strip Size
Calculate the strip sizes
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Example 1 Static
Moment Computation
Moment M for the two directions.
o
20 in. 1 ft.
long direction ln 24 ft. 2 22.333 ft.
2 12 in.
M ol
wu l2 l
2
n

0.262 k/ft 20 ft. 22.333 ft.
2 2
8 8
326.7 k-ft
short direction 20 in. 1 ft.

ln 20 ft. 2 18.333 ft.
2 12 in.
M os
wu l2 l 2
n

0.262 k/ft 2 24 ft. 18.333 ft. 2
8 8
264.2 k-ft
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Example 1 Internal Panel
Moment distribution
Interior panel
0.35Mo
0.65Mo
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Example 1 Moments (long)
The factored components
of the moment for the
beam (long).
Negative - Moment 0.65 326.7 k-ft 212.4 k-ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 326.7 k-ft 114.4 k-ft
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Example 1- - Moment (long)
Coefficients
The moments of inertia about beam, Ib = 22,453 in4 and
Is = 6860 in4 (long direction) are need to determine the
distribution of the moments between the column and
middle strip. l2 20 ft
0.8333
l1 24 ft
EbIb 22453 in 4
l 3.27
Es Is 6860 in 4
l2
l 3.27 * 0.8333 2.71
l
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1
Example 1- Moment (long)
Factors (negative)
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
negative moment is
distributed.
Factor 0.9
0.9 0.75
0.8333 0.5
0.5 1.0
0.8 wood4657@yahoo.es
Example 1 - Moment (long)
Factors (positive)
Need to interpolate
to determine how
the positive moment
is distributed.
Factor 0.9
0.9 0.75
0.8333 0.5
0.5 1.0
0.8
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Example 1 - Moment (long)
column/middle strips
Components on the beam (long).
Column Strip
Negative Moment 0.80 212.4 k-ft 169.9 k-ft
Middle Strip
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Example 1 - Moment (long)-
beam/slab distribution
(negative)
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.
Column Strip - Negative Moment (169.9 k-ft)
Beam Moment 0.85 169.9 k-ft 144.4 k-ft
Slab Moment 0.15 169.9 k-ft 25.5 k-ft
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Example 1 - Moment (long)-
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5
(positive)
indicates that 85 % of the moment in the column strip
is assigned to the beam and balance of 15 % is
assigned to the slab in the column strip.
Column Strip - Positive Moment (91.5 k-ft)

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Example 1- Moment (short)
The factored components
of the moment for the
beam (short).

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Example 1 - Moment
(short) coefficients
The moments of inertia about beam, Ib = 22,453 in4 and
Is = 8232 in4 (short direction) are need to determine the
distribution of the moments between the column and
middle strip. l1 24 ft
1.22222
l2 20 ft
Eb I b 22453 in 4
1 4
2.73
Es I s 8232 in
l1
1 2.73* 1.2222 3.333
l2
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Example 1 - Moment
(short) Factors (negative)
Need to interpolate
to determine how
the negative
moment is
distributed.
Factor 0.75
0.75 0.45
1.2222 1.0
1.0 2.0
0.6833 wood4657@yahoo.es
Example 1 - Moment
(short) Factors (positive)
Need to interpolate
to determine how
the positive
moment is
distributed.
Factor 0.75
0.75 0.45
1.2222 1.0
1.0 2.0
0.6833
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Example 1- Moment
(short) column/middle strip
Components on the beam (short).
Column Strip
Middle Strip
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Example 1 - Moment (short)
(negative)
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.
Column Strip - Negative Moment (117.3 k-ft)
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Example 1 - Moment (short)
(positive)
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5
indicates that 85 % of the moment in the column strip
is assigned to the beam and balance of 15 % is
assigned to the slab in the column strip.
Column Strip - Positive Moment (63.2 k-ft)
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Example 1 - Summary
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Example 1- Reinforcement
calculation
Use same procedure to do the reinforcement on the
concrete. Calculate the bars from the earlier
version of the problem.
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Example 1 - Reinforcement
calculation
Computing the reinforcement uses:
Mu
Ru
bd 2
1.7 * R u
R u w f c 1 0.59 w w 1.70 w
2
0
fc
1.7 * R
1.70 1.7 4 u
2

fc f y wf c
w w
2 wood4657@yahoo.es
fc fy
calculation for long middle strip
(negative)
Compute the reinforcement need for the negative moment
in long direction. Middle strip width b =120 in. (10 ft),
d =6 in. and Mu = 42.5 k-ft
12 in.
42.5 k-ft
Mu 1 ft
Ru 2 0.118 ksi
120 in. 6 in.
2
bd
1.7 0.118 ksi
w 1.70 w
2
0
0.9 3 ksi
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(negative)
Compute the reinforcement need for the negative
moment in long direction. Middle strip width b =120 in.
(10 ft) d =6 in. and Mu = 42.5 k-ft
1.7 4 0.7433
2
1.70
w 0.0449
2
wf c 0.0449 3 ksi
0.00225
fy 60 ksi
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(negative)
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 6 in., and h = 7 in.
As bd 0.00225 120 in. 6 in. 1.62 in 2

As min 0.0018bh 0.0018 120 in. 7 in. 1.52 in 2
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(negative)
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 6 in., and As = 1.62 in2. Use a
#4 bar (Ab =0.20 in2 )
As 1.62 in 2
# bars 2
8.08 Use 9 bars
Ab 0.2 in
120 in.
s 13.33 in. Maximum spacing is 2(h) or
9
18 in.
Use 10 #4 So 13.33 in < 14 in. OK!
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Example 1 Long Results
Column Strip Middle Strip
The long
Negative Positive Negative Positive
direction using Moment (k-ft) 25.5 13.7 42.5 22.9
# 4 bars b (in)
d (in)
120
6
120
6
120
6
120
6
h (in) 7 7 7 7
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 3 3 3 3
Ru (ksi) 0.07083 0.03806 0.11806 0.06361
w 0.02665 0.01421 0.04491 0.02390
0.00133 0.00071 0.00225 0.00119

A s (in2) 0.96 0.51 1.62 0.86
As(min) (in2) 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51
# bars req 7.56 7.56 8.08 7.56
spacing (in) 15.00 15.00 13.33 15.00
Use
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# bars (#4) 10 10 10 10
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spacing (in) 12 12 12 3612
Example 1 Long
summary
The long direction
using # 4 bars
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Example 1 Short Results
Column Strip Middle Strip
The short Negative Positive Negative Positive

direction Moment (k-ft)
b (in)
17.6
120
9.5
120
54.4
168
29.3
168
using # 4 d (in) 6 6 6 6
h (in) 7 7 7 7
bars fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 3 3 3 3
Ru (ksi) 0.04889 0.02639 0.10794 0.05813
w 0.01830 0.00983 0.04096 0.02181
0.00092 0.00049 0.00205 0.00109

As (in2) 0.66 0.35 2.06 1.10
A s(min) (in2) 1.51 1.51 2.12 2.12
# bars req 7.56 7.56 10.58 10.58
spacing (in) 15.00 15.00 15.27 15.27
Use
# bars (#4) 10
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27/04/17 spacing (in) 12
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Example 1 Short
Summary
The short direction
using # 4 bars
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Example Two-way Slab
(Panels)
Using the direct design method,
design the typical exterior flat-
slab panel with drop down
panels only. All panels are
supported on 20 in. square
columns, 12 ft long. The slab
carries a uniform service live
load of 80 psf and service dead
load that consists of 24 psf of
finished in addition to the slab
self-weight. Use fc = 4 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi
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(Panels)
The thickness of the slab is
found using
12 in
24 * 20 in
ln
ft 8.12 in No panels
33 33
12 in
24 * 20 in
ln
ft 7.44 in 8.0 in
36 36 wood4657@yahoo.es
(Panels)
From the ACI Code limitation:
1. For panels with discontinuous edges, end beams
with a minimum equal to 0.8 must be used;
otherwise the minimum slab thickness calculated
by the equations must be increased by at least 10%.
2. When drop panels are used without beams, the
minimum slab thickness may be reduced by 10 %.
The drop panels should extend in each direction
from the centerline of support a distance not less
than one-sixth of the span length in that direction
between center to center of supports and also
project
27/04/17
below the slab at least h/4.
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(Panels)
From the ACI Code limitation:
3. Regardless of the values obtained for the equations,
the thickness of two-way slabs shall not be less
than the following:
1. For slabs without beams or drop panels, 5 in.

2. for slabs without beams but with drop
panels, 4 in.
3. for slabs with beams on all four sides with
m > 2.0, 3.5 in. and for m < 2.0, 5 in. (ACI
Code 9.5.3) wood4657@yahoo.es
(Panels)
Therefore, the panel thickness is
h 8 in.
h 8 in. 10 in.
4 4
The panel half width are at least L/6 in length.
L 24 ft
4 ft
6 6
L 20 ft
3.33 ft 3.5 ft
6 6
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(Panels)
Therefore, the drop down panel thickness is 10 in.
and has 7 ft x 8 ft.
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(Panels)
The load on the slab is given as:
1 ft
Slab load 24 lb/ft 8 in.
2
150 lb/ft 3
124 lb/ft 2
12 in.
wu 1.2 124 lb/ft 2 1.6 80 lb/ft 2 276.8 lb/ft 2
The load on the panel is

1 ft
Panel load 24 lb/ft 10 in.
2
150 lb/ft 3
149 lb/ft 2
12 in.
wu 1.2 149 lb/ft 2 1.6 80 lb/ft 2 306.8 lb/ft 2
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(Panels)
The drop panel length is L/3 in each direction, then the
average wu is
2 1
wu 276.8 lb/ft 306.8 lb/ft
2 2
3 3
286.8 lb/ft 2
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(Panels)
The punch out shear at center column is
d 10 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in.
8.75 in.
bo 4 20 in. 8.75 in.

115 in.
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(Panels)
The punch out shear at center column is
1 ft
2
Vu 0.287 k/ft 24 ft 20 ft 28.75 in.

2

12
in.

136.1 k

Vc 4 f c bo d

0.75 4 4000 115 in. 8.75 in.
190.9 k Vu OK.
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(Panels)
The punch out shear at panel is
d 8 in. 0.75 in. 0.5 in.
6.75 in.
12 in.
bo 2 8 ft. 6.75 in.

1 ft.
12 in.
2 7 ft. 6.75 in.

1 ft.
387 in.
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(Panels)
The punch out shear at panel is
24 ft 20 ft

Vu 0.287 k/ft 2 1 ft
1 ft
102.75 in. 90.75 in.
12 in. 12

in.

119.2 k

Vc 4 f c bo d

0.75 4 4000 387 in. 6.75 in.
495.6 k Vu OK.
One way shear is not critical.

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(Panels)
Moment Mo for the two directions are:
Long 0.287 k/ft 20 ft 22.33 ft

2 2
direction M o 8
357.9 k-ft
Short 0.287 k/ft 24 ft 18.33 ft

2 2
direction M o 8
289.4 k-ft
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(Panels)
The column strip will be 10 ft. (20 ft /4 = 5ft),
therefore the middle strips for long section is 10 ft and
the middle strip for the short section will be 14 ft.
The average d for d 10 in. 1.5 in.

the panel section 8.5 in.
The average d for

d 8 in. 1.5 in.
the slab section 6.5 in.
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(Panels)
The factored
components of the
moment for the beam
(long) is similar to an
interior beam.

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(Panels)
Components on the beam (long) interior.
Column Strip
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(Panels)
Components on the beam (long) interior.
Middle Strip
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(Panels)
Computing the reinforcement uses:
Mu
Ru
bd 2
1.7 * R u
R u w f c 1 0.59 w w 1.70 w
2
0
fc
1.7 * R
1.70 1.7 4 u
2

fc f y wf c
w w
2 fc fy
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(Panels)
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =8.5 in.
and Mu = 174.5 k-ft
12 in.
174.5 k-ft
Mu 1 ft
Ru 2 0.242 ksi
120 in. 8.5 in.
2
bd
1.7 *0.242 ksi
w 1.70 w
2
0
0.9 4 ksi
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(Panels)
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =8.5 in.
and Mu = 174.5 k-ft
1.7 4 0.1141
2
1.70
w 0.0700
2
wf c 0.0700 4 ksi
0.00466
fy 60 ksi
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(Panels)
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and h = 10 in.
As bd 0.00466 120 in. 8.5 in. 4.76 in 2

As min 0.0018bh 0.0018 120 in. 10 in. 2.16 in 2
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(Panels)
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and As = 4.76 in2. Use
a #5 bar (Ab = 0.31 in2 )
As 4.76 in 2
# bars 2
15.3 Use 16 bars
Ab 0.31 in
120 in. Maximum spacing is 2(h)
s 7.5 in.
16 or 18 in.
So 7.5 in. < 18 in. OK
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(Panels) Column Strip Middle Strip
Negative Positive Negative Positive

The long Moment (k-ft) 174.5 75.2 58.2 50.2
direction b (in) 120 120 120 120
d (in) 8.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
h (in) 10 8 8 8
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 4 4 4 4
Ru (ksi) 0.24152 0.17799 0.13775 0.11882
w 0.06997 0.05097 0.03917 0.03367
0.00466 0.00340 0.00261 0.00224

A s (in2) 4.76 2.65 2.04 1.75
A s(min) (in2) 2.16 1.73 1.73 1.73
# bars req 15.35 13.25 10.18 8.75
spacing (in) 7.50 8.57 10.91 13.33
Use
# bars 16 #5 15 #4 10 #4 10 #4
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spacing (in) 7.5 8 12 12
(Panels) Column Strip Middle Strip
The short Negative Positive Negative Positive

Moment (k-ft) 141.1 60.8 47.1 40.5
direction b (in) 120 120 168 168
d (in) 8.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
h (in) 10 8 8 8
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 3 3 3 3
Ru (ksi) 0.19529 0.14391 0.07963 0.06847
w 0.07570 0.05508 0.03002 0.02575
0.00379 0.00275 0.00150 0.00129

As (in2) 3.86 2.15 1.64 1.41
As(min) (in2) 2.16 1.73 2.42 2.42
# bars req 12.45 10.74 12.10 12.10
spacing (in) 9.23 10.91 12.92 12.92
Use
# bars 16 #5 12 #4 14 #4 14 #4
spacing (in) 7.5 10 12 12
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Lecture 25

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Lecture 25

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Lecture 25 - Design of

Two-Way Floor Slab

The cross-sections are:

The thickness was calculated in an earlier example.

The weight of the slab is given as.

short direction 20 in. 1 ft.

Negative - Moment 0.65 326.7 k-ft 212.4 k-ft

Column Strip - Positive Moment (91.5 k-ft)

Negative Moment 0.65 264.2 k-ft 171.7 k-ft

As bd 0.00225 120 in. 6 in. 1.62 in 2

0.00133 0.00071 0.00225 0.00119

The short Negative Positive Negative Positive

0.00092 0.00049 0.00205 0.00109

1. For slabs without beams or drop panels, 5 in.

The load on the panel is

bo 4 20 in. 8.75 in.

Vu 0.287 k/ft 24 ft 20 ft 28.75 in.

One way shear is not critical.

Long 0.287 k/ft 20 ft 22.33 ft

Short 0.287 k/ft 24 ft 18.33 ft

The average d for d 10 in. 1.5 in.

The average d for

Negative Moment 0.65 357.9 k-ft 232.6 k-ft

As bd 0.00466 120 in. 8.5 in. 4.76 in 2

Negative Positive Negative Positive

0.00466 0.00340 0.00261 0.00224

The short Negative Positive Negative Positive

0.00379 0.00275 0.00150 0.00129

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