Leadership

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©2010 Rey Ty
Leadership
(For two interactive &
critical-reflection
workshop
sessions on
leadership skills
& becoming
a trainer)

© 2010 Rey Ty ©2010

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Rey Ty
What is Your
Leadership
Profile?
List down all
your answers.

©2010
© 2010 ReyTy
Rey Ty
Ground Rules
1. Mutual respect.
2. Remember that there are always at
least two sides to an issue. Listen to
& learn from both or all sides.
3. All answers are potentially valid, if
you can defend them & if you are not
really off-tangent.
4. Give everyone an equal chance to
speak up.
5. When you feel bored, ask me to use
my “bag of tricks,” ok? 4
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Ideas for your theater production (in 3 Acts?):
Use MP3, MP4, PPT & traditional regalia?

Socratic Dialectical contrasts

Scientific Cause Effect Solution

Historical Past Present Future

Unity in
Thematic Harmony Conflict
Diversity

Ontological Idealist Materialist Interactive

5
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Dualism:
“There is only 1
correct answer &
1 wrong answer.”
(William Perry) 6
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Multiplicity:
“There are many
different equally
valid competing
(William Perry) 7
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Relativism:
“There are different sets
of values. I am
committed to one out of
many sets of values.”

(William Perry) 8
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(William Perry)

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 What is
leadership
? 10
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Leadership is…

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What is Leader(ship)?
1. a person who rules or guides
or inspires others
2. the process of social
influence in which one person
can enlist the aid and support
of others in the
accomplishment of a common
task.
3. Give an example. 12
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1. List down names
of five leaders
whom you admire
on all accounts.
What makes them
good leaders?
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 Five Leaders
Reasons
Whom We Admire
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. ©2010 Rey Ty
 2. Did you list
female
leaders?
Please explain.
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As a leader, are
you like a …?

Lion 16
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As a leader, are
you like a …?

Rabbit 17
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As a leader, are
you like a …?

Turtle 18
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As a leader, are
you like an …?

Eagle 19
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Leadership in Action
1.Past: Think of one incident
in which someone said
something bad about
another person (different
community, culture,
language, country of
origin…). What was your
role there? What did you
do? ©2010 Rey Ty
Leadership in Action
2. Lessons from the Past
for Future Action: Thinking
back about the incident,
what can be done to
change the situation for
the better, should a similar
event ever happen again?
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 One worst
personal
experience with or
story heard about
the other
community 26
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 How to convert that
worst personal
experience with or
story heard about
the other community
into a positive one. 27
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Youth Leadership

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 Watch a 6-Minute Video
• Human Rights Based
Approach to
Leadership & to Your
Projects
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Ahhmn4zo_rE&feature=related 29
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Human Rights Based Approach:
1.People-
People as rights bearer
Centered
2. Duty bearer State has responsibility
Discuss inequality &
3. Norms discrimination; holistic,
participatory, inclusive

4.Solidarity Not charity

5.Empowerment Not dependence
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Leaders Qualities
1.Lion Power; control; king
See everything; free;
2. Eagle
Protected from afar

Reproduce leaders rapidly;

3. Rabbit
rapidly dodge difficulties

4. Turtle Slow but sure; Protected

’Sang Bagsak!©2010 Rey Ty

BFF
strings 32
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 Why is
Youth
Activism
Important?
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(Peace) Activism
1. Adopt a cause: follow your passion
2. Lead & Mobilize: inter-ethnic, F & M
youth & adults
3. Dialogue: not monologue, not debate
4. Organize
5. Public Information
6. Raise Funds
7. Direct Action & Civic Engagements
8. Monitor
9. Evaluate
10. Celebrate! 38
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Around the Table
In one sentence,
share with us
what your
proposed project
is all about.
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Do specific great
leaders matter?
(James McGregor Burns)

Yes!
Defend your answer.
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Do specific great
leaders matter?
(James McGregor Burns)

No!
Defend your answer.
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 1. Naturally
Charismastic

Leader 42
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 2. One Centralized
“directive &
achievement oriented
path-goal” (Northouse)
leadership with monopoly
of power & authority does
everything (Kurt Lewin)
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 2. Top-down

X
Control
Performance
Input Focused
Threat
Douglas McGregor
Direct 44
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 3. Participatory,
democratic, “supportive
& participative path
goal” (Northouse)
Leadership:
Delegation of power & authority
(Kurt Lewin) ©2010 Rey Ty
 3. Horizontal
Douglas McGregor

Y
Self-Directing
Committed
Creative
Reward
Output Focused 46
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4. Laissez-Faire
Leadership
(Kurt Lewin)
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 5. Bottom up

Z
Care for the people
Responsibility
Mutuality
Douglas McGregor
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Sustainable Leadership?

1.Rely on
one
leader? 49
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Sustainable Leadership?
2. Rely on
a team of
leaders? 50
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Sustainable Leadership?
3. Train second
liners: coach &
mentor new
members
continually? 51
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 53
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 1. Banking
Method (Freire) or
Prescriptive
(Lederach)
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2. Problem-
Posing (Freire)
or Elicitive
(Lederach) ©2010 Rey Ty
 Subjective Idealist
Approach:
“I say that everything is fine.
We are all at peace.
Everything’s cool. There’s no
difference between Turkish &
Greek Cypriots. We are all the
same— just Cypriots.” 56
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Psychological Approach:
“It’s all in the mind. If I
think we are all peaceful
& equal & if you think
the same way, then
everything is fine. All we
need are workshops.” 57
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Social Approach:
Understand & work
to change social
structures & to
promote social
justice. 58
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Changing Historical
Reality Approach:
“We need to look at past
problems, work things out
now so that we can have a
peaceful future.”
59
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 What is conflict
resolution? Why
do you need a
training on this?
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What is conflict
transformation?
Why do you
need a training
on this?©2010 Rey Ty
(U.N. & ICRC)

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Conflict Transformation
• comprehensive, pro-active, long-
term, social-justice-related
measures and actions on the levels
of “direct interaction and social
structures,” that deal with the
social and political causes of
conflict which promote change
(Lederach, 2003). 63
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Critical Reflection:
Leaders are…
1
Born
Natural &
Few are “chosen” 64
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Critical Reflection:
Leaders are…
2
Made
Trained &
We can all be leaders. 65
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Snap Debate
1. Leadership is
a good thing.
We need to have
leaders. Why? 66
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Snap Debate
2. Leadership is not
necessarily a good
thing, according to
Sartre, Chomsky &
Foucault. Why not? 67
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Dialogue:
1. Better to
be feared?
Machiavelli 68
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Dialogue:
2. Better to
be loved?
Machiavelli 69
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What’s the Difference?
Leadership Management
We Need Both!

70
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 What’s the Difference
1. A Leader
Innovates
Is an original
Focuses on people
Inspires trust
Long-term view
Asks what & why
Looks at the horizon
Challenges the status quo
Her/his own person
Does the right thing
Warren Bennis
2. A Manager
Administers
Copies
Systems & procedures
Relies on control
Short-term view
Asks how & when
At the bottom line
Accepts the status quo
Good soldier
Does things right
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Moving Forward
Leader Manager
Inspire Plan
Vision Action
Direction Strategies
Big Picture Project Management
Seize the Moment! Action Plan
Reflection Evaluation
Dawn of a New Day Process Re-Engineering

We need both! Warren Bennis

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In An Organization,
Who is Usually the…

Leader? Manager?
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In An Organization,
Who is Usually the…
Leader? Manager?
Chair CEO
President Secretaries
Prime Minister Ministers
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1. Most important
are funds, gains,
balancing the
books, cost
effectiveness 75
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 2. Most
important is
social
responsibility 76
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 What’s
Important
for You?
Niall Fitzgerald

Bottom Social
Responsibility
Line? ?©2010 Rey Ty
 I am a
leader.
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I am a
manager.
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Politics of Identity: Know Thyself.
How Powerful Am I?

Self-Inventory 80
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My Social Identities How Powerful
Am I?

Self-Inventory 81
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 Doing Volunteer
Leadership Service Work
My Motivations My Expectations

82
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 What is a
NIU Model!

Servant-
Leader? Cite
an example.
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Servant-Leader
Serve the People Other-centered
e l
Humble steward Listen od
M
Empathetic Aware IU
N
Convincing Conceptualize
Prudent Community building

Robert K. Greenleaf ©2010 Rey Ty

Servant-Leader
Leadership
as Service
Activism ©2010 Rey Ty
 What Do I
Bring to
the Table?
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 My Name is
_____________.
I bring these to the table:

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1. Red Ocean,
Power, Order
& Security
W. Chan Kim & Renée Mauborgne
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 2. Blue
Ocean &
Change
W. Chan Kim & Renée Mauborgne
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3. Justice
&
Fairness
John Rawls
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 1. Traits
Approach to
Leadership:
Born Leaders produce
situations.
(James McGregor Burns)
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 2. Power
Approach:
Network of
influence
(James McGregor Burns)
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 3. Situational &
Contingency
Approach:
Situations
produce leaders.
(James McGregor Burns)
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 Important Traits
Northouse Others
Intelligent Flexible (Lord, De Vader &
Alliger)
Self-confident Extra/overt (Ibid.)
Determined Conscientious (Judge,
Bono, Ilies & Gerhardt)

Integrity Open (Ibid.)

sociable Belief in one’s abilities 94
(Smith & Foti) ©2010 Rey Ty
1.Transactional
Leaders:
Power relations,
reward &
punishment
(James McGregor Burns)
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2. Transformational

Leaders
you see the big
picture; others care
for details
(James McGregor Burns)
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1. Behaviorist
Model:
What matters is
what leaders
actually do
(James McGregor Burns)
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 2. Attribution
Model:
what matters is
what followers
think of the leader
(James McGregor Burns)
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 1.Systemic:
(Jay W. Forrester & Peter Senge):

Work with &

inside the state:
political elite,
politicians, bureaucrats, &
political parties 99
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2. Free Agent:
(Jay W. Forrester)

Work outside the state:

civil society,
NGOs & social
movements 100
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1. Change
from
above? 101
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2. Change
from the
middle? 102
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3. Change
from
below? 103
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Dialogue Exercise

•A talks
•B listens 104
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Pretend you
are the best
listener in
the world 105
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 Pretend you
are the worst
listener in the
world 106
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 107
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Safe & Respectful Zone:
One question you
are dying to ask &
know about the
other community.
108
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Write your
answers on a
sheet of papers.
Use key words
only.

109
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“My Place in Self-Reflection
Society.” Use
key words only.

110
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 Participatory
Approach:
Define
“stakeholders”
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Stakeholders
1. Not stockholders!
2. In an organization, any
individual or group who “can
affect or is affected by” its
activities (R. Edward
Freeman.
3. Kyosei (in Japanese):
working together for the
common goal ©2010 Rey Ty
 Participatory Approach:
Social Investigation of Major
Stakeholders in Your Community
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. ©2010 Rey Ty
Participatory Approach:
Social Investigation (SI)
Brainstorm about the
situation in your own
specific community. Form
groups based on the
proximity of the locations
where you live. ©2010 Rey Ty
114
 Participatory Approach:
Social Investigation of the Actual
Situation in Your Community
1. Economic:
2. Political:
3. Social:
4. Cultural:
5. Religious: ©2010 Rey Ty
Participatory Approach:
Social Investigation (SI)
Brainstorm about
the problems in
your own specific
community. 116
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 Participatory Approach:
Social Investigation (SI)

Brainstorm about
the community
needs in your own
specific community. 117
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Participatory Approach:
Social Investigation (SI)
Collectively, plan a
course of action
based on community
needs in your own
specific community. 118
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Participatory Approach:
Brainstorming
1. You will return to your
communities. Of all the
community problems &
needs, what 1 thing do you
want to change & improve?
2. What are some concrete
steps you have to embark on
to bring about the changes
you want to happen? ©2010 Rey Ty
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 Bi-Communal Partners
• Engage in a dialogue, after which
write a poem about & for the other.
• C________________________
• Y________________________
• P________________________
• R________________________
• U________________________
• S________________________
Write, Read & Hug!
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 121
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 Human
Agency

Structure Change

122
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Leadership

©2010
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