What is Morphology:

An Introduction

By:
Diba Artsiyanti E.P. Basar
 Sample Matrix
Topic Catford Larson 1984 Newmark Nida &
1964 1988 Taber 2004

Definition An transferring the Rendering reproducing

of operation meaning of the the meaning in the
Translatio performed source language of a text into receptor
n on into the receptor another language the
languages language. This is language in closest
: a process done by going from the way that natural
of the form of the first the author equivalent of
substitutin language to the intended the the source-
g a text in form of the second text language
one language by way of message,
language semantic structure. first in terms
for a text It is the meaning of meaning
in another. which is being and secondly
transferred and in terms of
must be held style
constant, as
meaning is a
variable of greatest
importance in a
 Morphology: the Term
German Poet/novelist/philosopher Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
Morphology in biological context
Etymology Greek: Morph (shape, form)
Morphology is the study of form of forms
Biology : Study of form and structure of
organisme
Geology: Study of the configuration and
evolution of land forms
Linguistics Mental system involved in
word formation or to the branch of
linguistics that deals with words, their
internal structure and how they are
 Important Concepts in
Linguistic Morphology
Morpheme the smallest
linguistic pieces with
grammatical function
Word (free): hand, jump, etc.
Meaningful piece of a word : -ed,
-ation, etc.
Morph phonological realization of a
morpheme
- -ed (past) [t] after voiceless p
(jumped), [d] after voiced [l] (repelled)
allomorph/variants
 Important Concepts in
Linguistic Morphology
Reconsideration
Re consider ation
Consider stem : a base morpheme to
which another morphological piece is
attached simple if only one part,
complex if more than one piece
Root: a stem constituting
the core of the word to which
other pieces attach only
simple
 Important Concepts in
Linguistic Morphology
Disagreement?

Stem?

Root?
 Important Concepts in
Linguistic Morphology
Re consider ation
Re- and ation affixes

re - prefix
- ation suffix
 Important Concepts in
Linguistic Morphology

Another types of affixes:

Infix: Indonesian kesinambungan
Circumfix: Indonesian -
kesinambungan
 Exercise
Divide the following forms into
morphemes.
a. password
b. sprayable
c. childhoods
d. autobiography
e. co-educational
 Exercise
When we read resulted in smog and pollution,
our initial interpretation is that the smog
and pollution are the result of the EUs
measures. Then when we move on and read
levels we have to reprocess the
information. This is not important if readers
have to change their interpretation only
once or twice in a paper. But if they have to
do it many times, the cumulative effort
required becomes too much. Some readers
will stop trying to guess the meaning and
stop reading. In your case, it may mean
that your paper could be initially rejected.
 Morphology in Action

Novel words and word play

Unbreak my heart, say you love me

again
Uncry this tears

Your interpretation?
 Morphology in Action
Abstract morphological facts
I eat one melon a day
I eat two melons a day

Indonesian:
Saya makan satu melon tiap hari
Saya makan dua melon tiap hari
Child -- Children
 Morphology in Action
Abstract morphological facts

Today they claim that they will fix

the clock tower by Friday, but
yesterday they claimed that it would
take at least a month
 Introduction to
Morphological
Analytic Approach
Analysis
breaking words down, and it is usually
associated with American structuralist
linguistics of the first half of the twentieth
century (unfamiliar language)
Synthetic Approach
putting back pieces together. Analytic
synthetic : How does a speaker of a language
produce a grammatically complex word when
needed?
 Introduction to
Morphological
Analysis
Analytic Approach

Synthetic Approach
putting back pieces together. Analytic
synthetic
 Analytical Principles
1. Forms with the same meaning and the
same sound shape in all their occurences
are instances of the same morpheme
2. Forms with the same meaning but
different sound shapes maybe instances
of the same morpheme if their
distributions do not overlap (seats,
shades, hedges)
3. Not all morphemes are segmental (run-
ran, speak-spoke)
4. A morpheme may have zero as one of its
allomorphs (fish as singular, fish as
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