Imunologi Dasar

Kuliah Modul Imunologi & Infeksi

PSPD UNIB

Indra G. Mansur
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Indonesia

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 Imunologi Dasar
atau

Imunologi Fundamental

Respon Imun Tubuh Normal

Respon Imun Tubuh Manusia Sehat
Respon Imun Tubuh Pada lingkungan
Normal

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 Introduction
The immune system must be able to:
differentiate between material that is
a normal component of the body
(self) and material that is not native
to the body nonself

A highly specialized receptors

present for discriminating between
self and nonself body components

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 Introduction
*The discrimination between self and non-self and the
subsequent destruction and removal of foreign material
is accomplished by the two arms of the immune system

1) The innate (natural or nonspecific) immune system

2) The adaptive (acquired or specific) immune system

*These two systems perform many of their functions by

cooperative interactions

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 Overview of the innate immune
system
* It is the first line of defense

* It is active at the time of infection

It consists of:

a- protective cellular (WBCs and derivatives)

b- chemical components

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 The response of the innate immune
system
It is divided into two stages:

1- non-inflammatory reaction (bodys static defenses)

skin, gastric pH, lysozyme in tears, saliva, mucous

2- local inflammation promotes migration of phagocytes

and plasma protein into infected tissues

The phagocytes respond to surface structures present
in large groups of microorganisms (peptidogcan,
mannose)

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 Imunology

Sistem Imun Tubuh

Respon Imun Tubuh

Non Spesifik Spesifik

Seluler Humoral Humoral Seluler

- APC - Saliva # Antibodi # Sel T

- Sel NK - Air Mata - Poliklonal - Sel T helper
- Sel LAK - Keringat - Monoklonal - Sel T sitotoksik
- Sel TIL - Mukus

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 Antigen
Setiap komponen yang mampu menimbulkan
respon imun, disebut sebagai antigen,
dapat berasal dari : - bakteri,
- virus,
- bagian organisme dan
- bagian jaringan atau
- Bagian individu lain.

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 Keantigenan
Autoantigen : Substansi normal yang berasal dari
individu itu sendiri dan dianggap oleh
respon imun tubuh sebagai antigen.
.
Isoantigen : Substansi yang berasal dari individu
sendiri yang tadinya normal, tetapi
ditempat lain berobah menjadi substansi
abnormal yang harus ditolak.

Alloantigen : Substansi yang berasal dari individu

lain dan dianggap antigen dan harus
ditolak.

Xenoantigen: Substansi yang berasal dari spesies lain

dan harus ditolak dengan lebih kuat
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Organ Limfoid Primer

Kelenjar Thymus

Sumsum Tulang

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 Sel imunokompeten

1.Limfosit

2.APC -
-
Makrofag
Monosit
- sel Glia
- sel Kuffer
- sel Langerhans
- Dan lain-lain

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Cytokine
Secretion by
TH1 and
TH2
Lymphocyte
Subsets
Pregnancy may
require a localized
TH2 cytokine
Environment

The immune response to a specific antigen must

induce an
set of effector functions that can eliminate the
particular pa
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Figure 1-20

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B Cells

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SUBPOPULASIFUNGSIONALSEL

* Proliferasi Seluler
* Ekspansi Klonal
* Sekresi Sitokinin
* Produksi Antibodi
* Kemampuan Sitotoksik

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 3

1 5

7
4
6

Activation of T-cells
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The TCR is part of a complex signaling machinery
which includes the TCRalpha beta dimer, the
accessory molecules CD4 or CD8 and a signal
transduction module igm/pspd/unib/2012
made up of various chains46
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Figure 1-30

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Figure 1-31

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 Role of internal body
surfaces
The normal movement of fluids and mucous act as
mechanical factors for cleaning internal surfaces of:

Respiratory tract

Gastrointestinal tract

Genitourinary tract

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DEFENCE TO BACTERIA

PHAGOCYTOSIS

ATTACHMENT OF THE PHAGOCYTE TO THE ORGANISM

important interaction, which may determine, whether uptake

occurs, and whether killing mechanisms are triggered

microbe: PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns).

lipopolysaccharide

peptidoglycan

phagocyte: PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)

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