Object Oriented

Programming
Lec # 2
By
Engr. Sajid Saleem
 Arrays & Vectors
Arrays
Declaring / Accessing Arrays
Passing Arrays to functions
Multi-dimentional arrays
Vector
 Arrays
Collection of similar data types in consecutive
memory locations.
Declaring / Accessing Arrays
// Calculating gas mileage
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::setw;
int main()
{
const int MAX = 20; // Maximum number of values
double gas[ MAX ]; // Gas quantity in gallons
long miles[ MAX ]; // Odometer readings
int count = 0; // Loop counter
char indicator = y; // Input indicator
while( (indicator == y || indicator == Y) && count < MAX )
{
cout << endl
<< Enter gas quantity: ;
cin >> gas[count]; // Read gas quantity
cout << Enter odometer reading: ;
cin >> miles[count]; // Read odometer value
++count;
cout << Do you want to enter another(y or n)? ;
cin >> indicator;
}
Declaring / Accessing Arrays
if(count <= 1) // count = 1 after 1 entry completed
{ // ... we need at least 2
cout << endl
<< Sorry - at least two readings are necessary.;
return 0;
}
// Output results from 2nd entry to last entry
for(int i = 1; i < count; i++)
cout << endl
<< setw(2) << i << . // Output sequence number
<< Gas purchased = << gas[i] << gallons // Output gas
<< resulted in // Output miles per gallon
<< (miles[i] - miles[i - 1])/gas[i] << miles per gallon.;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
 Passing Arrays to functions
// Passing arrays and individual array elements to functions.
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

#include <iomanip>
using std::setw;

void modifyArray( int [], int ); // appears strange

void modifyElement( int );
int main()
{
const int arraySize = 5; // size of array a
int a[ arraySize ] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // initialize array a
cout << "Effects of passing entire array by reference:
<< "\n\nThe values of the original array are:\n";

// output original array elements

for ( int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++ )
cout << setw( 3 ) << a[ i ];
cout << endl;
// pass array a to modifyArray by reference
modifyArray( a, arraySize );

cout << "The values of the modified array are:\n";

 Passing Arrays to functions
// output modified array elements
for ( int j = 0; j < arraySize; j++ )
cout << setw( 3 ) << a[ j ];
cout << "\n\n\nEffects of passing array element by value:"
<< "\n\na[3] before modifyElement: " << a[ 3 ] << endl;
modifyElement( a[ 3 ] ); // pass array element a[ 3 ] by value
cout << "a[3] after modifyElement: " << a[ 3 ] << endl;
return 0; // indicates successful termination
} // end main

// in function modifyArray, "b" points to the original array "a" in memory

void modifyArray( int b[], int sizeOfArray )
{
// multiply each array element by 2
for ( int k = 0; k < sizeOfArray; k++ )
b[ k ] *= 2;
} // end function modifyArray

// in function modifyElement, "e" is a local copy of

// array element a[ 3 ] passed from main
void modifyElement( int e )
{ // multiply parameter by 2
cout << "Value of element in modifyElement: " << ( e *= 2 ) << endl;
} // end function modifyElement
 Multi-dimensional Arrays
Arrays that require two subscripts to identify a particular element are
called two-dimensional arrays or 2-D arrays.
Multi-dimensional Arrays
 Multi-dimensional Arrays
// Initializing multidimensional arrays.
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void printArray( const int [][ 3 ] ); // prototype

int main()
{
int array1[ 2 ][ 3 ] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
int array2[ 2 ][ 3 ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int array3[ 2 ][ 3 ] = { { 1, 2 }, { 4 } };

cout << "Values in array1 by row are:" << endl;

printArray( array1 );

cout << "\nValues in array2 by row are:" << endl;

printArray( array2 );

cout << "\nValues in array3 by row are:" << endl;

printArray( array3 );
return 0; // indicates successful termination
} // end main
 Multi-dimensional Arrays
// output array with two rows and three columns
void printArray( const int a[][ 3 ] )
{
// loop through array's rows
for ( int i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
{ // loop through columns of current row
for ( int j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
cout << a[ i ][ j ] << ' ';

cout << endl; // start new line of output

} // end outer for
} // end function printArray
 Vectors
C++ Standard Library class template vector, represents a more robust type
of array featuring many additional capabilities.

Library provides class template vector to allow programmers to create a

more powerful and less error-prone alternative to arrays.

Standard class template vector is defined in header <vector> and belongs

to namespace std
 Vectors
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std; // same as std :: vector

/* Namespaces allow to group entities like classes, objects and functions under a name. This way the
global scope can be divided in "sub-scopes", each one with its own name.The format of namespaces is:

namespace identifier
{
entities
} */

int main()
{
vector<double> student_marks(20);

for (vector<double>::size_type i = 0; i < 20; i++)

{
cout << "Enter marks for student #" << i+1
<< ": " << flush;
cin >> student_marks[i];
}
// ... Do some stuff with the values

return 0;
}
 Topics Covered
C++ How to Program, Fifth Edition By
H.M.Deitel (Ebook references)
7.1 to 7.5 , 7.8 to 7.11